Term
| Environmental features used for orientation |
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Definition
| Sun, wind, temperature, landmarks, compass directions |
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Term
| When using the sun, what concepts must learner know |
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Definition
| Compass directions, where sun is located at the moment, where the sun is at that time of day |
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Term
| Environmental features to maintain straight line of travel in crossings |
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Definition
| Apex of the road, time distance, proprioceptive sense, sound of traffic |
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Term
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Definition
| Any familiar sound, object, odor, tactile clue that is easily recognizable and has a known, permanent location in the field |
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Term
| Primary information point (or primary landmark) |
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Definition
| Always there and you will come in contact with it, such as stairs. |
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Term
| Secondary information point (or secondary landmark) |
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Definition
| Objects may be temporary, such as a sandwich board, or something you may or may not come in contact with, such as a bench. |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical objects or sounds that trigger instant recognition of one’s location |
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Term
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Definition
| Piece of the puzzle. Put clues together to determine orientation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental representation of a specific spatial layout, such as of a classroom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to keep track of spatial relationships while moving to know the location of objects in the environment and accurately monitor the changing relationships. |
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Term
| Route level cognitive map |
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Definition
| Cognitive map that relies on rote routes |
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Term
| Survey level cognitive map |
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Definition
| Not reliant on a specific route; student understands the location of objects or places as they relate to one another |
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Term
| 4 travel patterns used for instruction |
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Definition
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Term
| Sources of information for a learner when planning a route |
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Definition
| Route descriptions (audio), 3D models, tactile, large print, digital images (GPS) |
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Term
| What concepts and skills are required for the learner to read maps |
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Definition
Shapes on map represent and mimic real objects
Maps use a birds eye view
Directional references on map correspond to those in the environment |
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Term
| Why are compass directions an efficient tool? |
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Definition
Provides orientation information that can be used for multiple locations.
Clear and constant reference point and remain the same regardless of direction. |
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Term
| 4 strategies for using compass directions |
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Definition
Relate them to a clockface.
Mnemonic device- Never Eat Soggy Worms
Braille, regular, or audio compass
Use of sun to determine direction |
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Term
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Definition
1. Identify problem
2. Identify alternative strategies
3. Select a hypothesis
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of selected hypothesis |
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Term
| Strategies for reorientation after veering up a driveway |
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Definition
1. initiate 3 point touch to check out area.
2. If sidewalk not found, then turn towards parallel street and trail surface until sidewalk is intercepted.
3. If street is found instead, 180 degree turn and search for sidewalk |
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Term
| While indoors, what strategies should a learner use to establish a line of travel |
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Definition
| Parallel and perpendicular line |
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Term
| Under what conditions would an O&M specialist plan and implement a drop off lesson? |
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Definition
| Student is proficient in O&M skills, thorough understanding of geographic area (traffic directionality. Precedes solo lesson and O&M should meet them at end of route. |
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Term
| Why is a drop off lesson productive? |
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Definition
| Reinforces O&M skills taught, works on independence and self efficacy |
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Term
| Object to Object frame of reference |
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Definition
| Location of objects in relation to each other (allocentric) |
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Term
| Self to object frame of reference |
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Definition
| Objects in relation to self, their location will change as self moves around (egocentric) |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding locations and objects in relation to one’s own body. (the store is on my right) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to relate one’s position and the position of other aspects of the environment to an identifiable landmark (I am between my desk and the teacher’s desk.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic spatial arrangement of place in an environment in a recognizable pattern, such as street grid, floor plan, address system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Use of compass directions |
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Term
| Steps for self familiarization to an outdoor environment |
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Definition
1. structured solicitation- find one or two objects as needed then expand on that knowledge
2. solicitation of information- asking specific questions- what is the building number, on what side of the street, how many doors down |
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Term
| Available technology to assist in self familiarization |
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Definition
| GPS, trekker, iphone, compass |
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Term
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Definition
| Orientation, coaching, solo |
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Term
| Steps for self familiarization to a room |
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Definition
Perimeter- establish reference point first, then trail walls
Grid line- to determine inner room |
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