Term
| Detailed Division of Labor |
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Definition
| The breakdown of product manufacturing into simple discrete steps, with each task assigned to an individual worker. |
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| An occupation that concentrates upon a small part of the whole enterprise. |
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| A belief in the centrality and primary importance of the individual and the importance of self-sufficiency and independence. |
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| A group of people who share a common sense of identity and have sustained interaction with one another. |
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| A typically small group of individuals standing in an enduring personal relationship to one another. |
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| A structural condition in which social norms are weak or conflicting. |
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| The sense that one has lost control over social institutions that one has participated in creating; often characterized as estrangement from the self and from the society as a whole. |
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| Weber's term for authority that is based on law, rules, or regulations. |
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| In sociocultural materialism, the dynamic relationships between the different components of sociocultural systems. While the theory begins with an examination of infrastructural determinism, it recognizes that structure and superstructure can play an independent role in determining the character of the system. |
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| The elements of society and social organizations that exert an influence on individual human behaviour. |
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| Theories of cumulative sociocultural change that generally hold that human societies move from simple to complex forms of organization. |
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| The fair administration of laws without regard to ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or class. |
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| A class of individuals in mature industrial societies situated at the bottom of the class system who have been systematically excluded from participation in economic life. |
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| A societal condition in which virtually all social institutions (government, family, education) have adapted to the demands of the industrial economy. |
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| A positive feedback cycle between two variables A and B, so that an increase in A causes an increase in B, which then causes a further increase in A. |
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| The consumption of goods and services to the point of abnormal excess. |
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| Durkheim’s idea that human beings have a dual nature, the angel and the beast, with the beast being the stronger of the two. |
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| According to Durkheim, an id-like nature that is focused on the individual satisfaction of all wants and desires; the first and “lower” part of Durkheim’s dual conception of human nature. |
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| Durkheim's term for common beliefs and values that guide human behavior. |
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| The pattern of human relationships formed by human groups and institutions within a given society. |
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