Term
| linear energy transfer (LET) |
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Definition
| average energy deposited per unit length of track |
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Term
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Definition
| low-LET radiation interacts with biologic tissue, it causes damage to a cell primarily through an indirect action that involves the production of molecules |
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Term
| Characteristics of ionizing radiation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave and particles |
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Term
| examples of high-LET radiation |
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Definition
• Alpha particles
• Ions of heavy nuclei
• Charged particles released from interactions between neutrons and atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| high-LET radiation, multiple-strand breaks in DNA, |
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Term
| relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) |
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Definition
| relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction |
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Term
| radiation weighting factor |
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Definition
| used to calculate the equivalent dose to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage |
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Term
| oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) |
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Definition
| ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions |
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Term
| biologic damage stemming has three parts |
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Definition
• Molecular
• Cellular
• Organic systems |
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Term
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Definition
| biologic damage occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by straight interaction with the incident radiation |
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Term
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Definition
a multistage process that first involves the production of free radicals that are created by the interaction of the radiation with water (H2O) molecules
have the capability to substantially disrupt master molecules |
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Term
| Direct particles interaction with... |
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Definition
• DNA
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Proteins
• Enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| occur with low-LET radiation,interaction with DNA can rupture chemical bonds and possibly sever one of the sugar–phosphate chain side rails, or strands, of the ladder-like molecular structure |
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Term
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Definition
| between two places on the same DNA strand, or different DNA molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| irradiation occurs early in interphase, before DNA synthesis takes place. break caused by ionizing radiation is in a single strand of chromatin, which is the original chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| strand of chromatin lays down an identical strand |
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Term
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Definition
| oncept of radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events |
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Term
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Definition
| nonmitotic, or nondivision, form of cell death that occurs when cells die without attempting division during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation |
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