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| The Independence Movement in Mexico |
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| Tore apart centuries-old empires, gave rise to the nation-state, was opposed by conservatives |
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| Resulted in the resignation of Klemens Von Metternich |
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| Author of Frankenstein, an early gothic horror story |
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| Revolt of enslaved Africans in Saint Domingo |
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| Successfully led by Toussaint L'Overture |
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| Loyalty should not be to the king, greatest loyalty should be to a nation to people, the nation should have a common culture |
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| 1871 shift in power in Europe |
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| The love of nature's untamed beauty, the value of common people, and the promotion of established ideas |
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| The goal of Impressionist artists and composers |
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| To illustrate a moment in time |
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| Spain loses all South American colonies |
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| An example: a poor student who has read extensively about democracy |
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| Link between romanticism and nationalism |
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| national heroes and cultural pride were themes in both |
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| The Industrial Revolution |
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| Increased output of machine-made goods in England in the 18th century |
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| The Agricultural Revolution |
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| Small farmers became tenant farmers or moved to cities, enclosures became landmarks of wealthy landowners, and landowners experimented with new agricultural methods |
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| Factors of production driving the Industrial Revolution |
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| Urbanization in 19th-century Britain and Western Europe |
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| Britain keeps industrial secrets from the United States |
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| By forbidding engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers from leaving the country |
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| The benefit of being a stockholder in a corporation |
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| Stockholders are not personally responsible for the company's debts |
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| Let owners of industry set working conditions without government interference |
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| Voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms |
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| The Agricultural Revolution paves the way for the Industrial Revolution |
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| It led to population growth, it increased food supplies, and it caused farmers to lose land and seek other work |
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| How the Industrial Revolution affected cities |
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| It made the population grow faster than the housing supply |
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| Population growth between 1800 and 1850 |
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| The impact of technological advances on industry |
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| Production of goods was increased |
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| Worldwide industrialization effects relationships: Industrialized nations vs. non-industrialized nations |
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| The relationship between industrialized nations was the driving force behind imperialism |
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| True of both socialism and communism |
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| Communism is a form of complete socialism in which the people own all production and property |
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| British voting rights prior to 1832 |
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| 5% of the British population has voting rights |
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| Gave voting rights to middle class men |
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| Violence against Jews fueled by anti-semitism |
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| The only country to allow women to vote before 1900 |
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| The first country to give full voting rights to women |
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| widespread starvation in Ireland caused by the destruction of potato crops |
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| idea used to justify westward expansion |
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| The outbreak of the Civil War |
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| A direct result of the confederate attacks on fort sumter |
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| The United States purchased land from Mexico |
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| Territory ceded by Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War |
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| Arizona, California, and New Mexico |
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| the forced westward migration of the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma |
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| Texas fights for its independence in 1836 |
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| The European policy of paternalism |
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| Reflected the belief that Africans should be watched over and taken care of |
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| Boundaries in Africa at the end of the 19th century |
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| Were unnaturally imposed by the Europeans |
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| Decline to about a third of its greatest size by 1914 |
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| Russia vs. Ottoman Empire (Russia lost) |
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| Built through the combined efforts of the French and Egyptians |
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| Indian soldiers serving in the British army |
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| Causes of the Sepoy mutiny |
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| Nationalism, religious beliefs, and resentment of British rule |
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| The result of the sepoy mutiny |
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| the British government tightened its control on India |
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| Malaysia becomes the World's leading exporter |
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| The British colonization of Singapore |
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| Purpose was to use their many harbors for trade |
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| As a result of winning the war, the U.s. acquired Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippine Islands |
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| Sugar-cane planters formed an interest group and pushed for the annexation of Hawaii |
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| The policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war |
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| German leader during the last decade of the 1800's and most of World War I |
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| U.S. gets involved in WWI |
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| Germany's actions caused the United States to declare war |
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| And armistice was signed on November 11, 1918 |
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| Example of Wilson's Fourteen Points |
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| It included a plan for the postwar world |
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| Germany was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war |
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| Unrestricted submarine warfare |
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| Germany's policy to sink any ship in British waters without warning |
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| Events after the Americans joined the war |
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| The Bulgarians and Ottoman Turks surrendered |
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| Treat of Versailles affects postwar Germany |
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| It left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the hearts of the German people |
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| American opinion about the league of nations |
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| American believed that the U.S. should not join and stay out of European affairs |
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| Impact of the war on the Economy of Europe |
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| It drained the treasuries of Europe |
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| Link between militarism and imperialism |
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| As a country gains colonies, its military grows to protect them |
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| Factors leading the formation of the triple alliance and the tripe entente |
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| Bismark's fear of France's army and Britain's fear of Germany's empire |
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| Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie |
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| The event in Sarajevo that ignited the world in WWI |
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| Their blockade would defeat Britain before U.S. troops arrived |
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| The treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
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| It allowed Germany to focus all their efforts on the Western front |
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| Allied response to Wilson's vision for peace |
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| Britain and France were concerned with strengthening their own security, wanted to strip Germany of its war-making power, and showed little sign of agreeing to Wilson's plan |
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| Was designed to limit purchases of consumer goods |
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| The purpose of propaganda |
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| To influence public opinion |
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| German plan to help Mexico regain U.S. territory, it pushed the U.S. to enter the war. |
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| Pogroms in late 19th century Russia |
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| Russians violently persecuted Jews |
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| Radical Marxists revolutionaries who founded communism in Russia |
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| China's peasants align themselves with them in the late 1920's |
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| A state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life |
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| The Soviet's five-year plans |
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| Purpose was economic development |
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| Chinese communists take a 6,000 mile journey to safety, fleeing the nationalists |
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| protest led by Mohandis K. Gandhi |
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| News of repeated losses showed the Czar's weakness and sparked unrest that led to revolt |
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| The Allies give Chinese territories to Japan that had previously been controlled by Germany |
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| Did not immediately establish a totalitarian state in Russia |
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| Great Britain grants India limited self-rule |
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| Was finally granted due to continuous campaigns of civil disobedience by the Indians |
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| The Impact of Russia's involvement in WWI |
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| It revealed the weaknesses of czarist rule and military leadership |
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| Life changes after the Bolshevik revolution |
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| Russia was organized into several self governing republics |
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| Chinese peasants align themselves with communists rather than nationalists |
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| Communists divided land among the farmers, while the nationalists ignored their problems |
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| Event halts the Chinese civil war |
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| The Japanese launched an all out invasion of China in 1937 |
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| Promises made to Indian people in exchange for their service in world war |
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| Reforms would be made that would eventually leas to self-government |
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| The weakness of the Weimar republic |
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| Uncontrollable inflation, a lack of democratic tradition, and a large number of political parties |
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| Involved attempts to stimulate the American economy by increasing government spending |
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| Number of banks closing, unemployment, and business failures increase dramatically |
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| War debts caused by great suffering in Germany |
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| Common to both fascism and communism |
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| A one party system, a disregard for individual rights, and strong nationalist feelings |
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| Hitler's book "Mein Kampf" |
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| Translates to "My Struggle" |
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| The German form of fascism |
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| Aggressive countries during the 1930's |
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| Italy, Japan, and Germany |
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| Manchuria invaded in 1931 |
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| Italy, Japan, and Germany |
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| Nonaggression pact signed with the Soviet Union in 1939 |
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| Leader the the third reich |
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| Held to address the problems of a German threat to Czechoslovakia |
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| Soviet Union signed with Germany in 1939 |
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| Great Britain and France enter WWII |
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| Because of the German invasion of Poland |
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| The Germans first successfully used this form on Poland |
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| Advantages for the British the the Battle of Britain |
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| Radar, Enigma code, and high level of British morale |
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| A declaration of the right to freedom of trade |
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| Famous for masterminding the Japanese naval strategy during WWII |
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| Marched by Allied prisoners of war, forced by Japanese |
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| Turning the tide of the war in the pacific |
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| Success at the battle of Midway allowed the allies to begin taking the offensive |
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| Allies attacked and seized the least heavily defended Pacific islands from Japan |
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| The mastermind behind "Island Hopping" |
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| General Douglas MacArthur |
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| The Supreme Commander of the western allied forces in Europe |
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| General Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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| The allied invasion of France |
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| suicide pilots targeted allied ships with planes loaded with explosives |
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| Stalin repeatedly urged Churchill and Roosevelt to do this in order to relieve German pressure of Soviet armies |
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| Led by British General Bernard Montgomery |
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| Thousands of Japanese Americans interned in the camps due to their ancestry |
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| European cities not extensively damaged during the War |
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| Nation that paid the greatest price in terms of lives lost during the war |
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| Nazis were put on trial for war crimes |
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| The Japanese constitution |
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| Effort to get it written led by General Douglas MacArthur |
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| The Demilitarization of Japan |
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Definition
| Was organized and overseen by the U.S. army |
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