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| Admiral that was at the command of the Ming Expeditions. He was a Chinese Muslim with ancestry connections to the Persian Gulf, he was a fitting emissary to the increasingly Muslim-dominated Indian Ocean basin. |
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| Went in search of México in 1518 (from Cuba), sailed along the western coast of Yucatan peninsula to establish his independent govt. tried to gain wealth for the Spanish crown. Took 600 fighting men and almost all of the Island’s stock of weaponry. |
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| Led the Portuguese attack on Ceuta (a Muslim city) in 1415, he was the third son of the king of Portugal. Because he devoted the rest of his life to promoting exploration of the South Atlantic he received the name Henry the Navigator. |
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| Montezuma II (1502 – 1520) |
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| Aztec Emperor sent men to greet Cortez and decide whether they were friend or foe, god or man. He was overthrown by Cortez by cavalry charges and hand to hand combat. Eventually he was a prisoner of war and was killed. |
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| Smaller, quicker, more maneuverable ship created by Portuguese mariners. These were only 1/5th the size of the largest euroeon ships as well as the large Chinese junks. Allowed them to sail upriver, sail into shallower waters, could withstand bad storms and with the right wind could keep a good speed. |
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| Received its name from the ideas of a French scholar and humanists named Loys Le Roy. Due to influx of wealth. Renaissance mean rebirth. Had its origin in Italy, then north into Europe. |
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| Was the result of a disagreement between Pope Leo and Martin Luther. Catholics and Lutherans separated their ways and beliefs. Was due in part by Luther putting his ninety- five theses up on the church doors. |
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| Christopher Columbus( 1451- 1506) |
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| leader of the Spanish overseas missions. Genoese Mariner. Made very important discoveries between 1492 and 1502. Discovered a vast new world throughout his four voyages. Wouldn’t accept the fact that he found new land and new people. Considered his voyages unsuccessful. |
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| Also a result of the disagreement between the Pope and Luther. A council met in Trent, a city in northern Italy and discussed proper catholic doctrine between protestant “errors”. Also formed was the Society of Jesus – “Jesuits”. Had a major impact. |
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| Single richest silver deposit in the America’s, discovered in 1545. |
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| Some daring and imaginative European investigators challenges the prevailing conceptions of the Physical world. They demonstrated that the working of the universe could be explained by natural causes. |
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| Amerindian people were divided among the settlers and were forced to provide them with labor or with textiles, food or other goods. This was a forced labor. |
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| Like the scientific revolution, this movement was tee work of a few “enlightened” individuals, who often faced bitter opposition from the political, intellectual, and religious establishment. A lot of the thinkers had their books either burned or banned, and spent a lot of time in exile in order to not get arrested. |
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| The English settlement of the Chesapeake Bay region added a new system of compulsory labor to the American Landscape. Servants eventually made up almost 80% of all English immigrants. |
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| An association of English investors that in 1672 had received a charter from the English monarchy giving them exclusive rights to trade along the Atlantic Coast. |
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| Pioneered by the Dutch Government, France and England chartered companies of their own. Merchants and investors encouraged to invest resources in the ventures of the Atlantic world. |
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| moved goods and wealth as well as people and cultures, around the Atlantic. Slave trade and plantation slavery were crucial parts of this system. |
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| Caused by King Charles not agreeing with parliament, and in turn plunged the kingdom into a Civil War. |
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| One of the two innovations that enabled private investors to fund rapid growth of the Atlantic Economy. The ability to manage large financial resources through mechanics and was named this by modern historians. |
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| One of the two innovations that enabled private investors to fund rapid growth of the Atlantic Economy. The ability to manage large financial resources through mechanics and was named this by modern historians. |
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| Replaced capitalism in the European states. The philosophy that all economic activity must be regulated in a way that promoted the interests of the state. |
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| believe that Islam transcended the prophet |
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| the legitimate Islamic leadership is vested in the line f descent beginning with Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law Ali. |
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| the most long lived of the post – Mongol Muslim empires. Grew from tiny nucleus in 1300 to encompass most of the southeastern Europe by the late fifteenth century. |
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| The twelfth descendant of Ali, who was the prophet Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law. |
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| Suleiman the Magnificent (1520 – 1566) |
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| Son of Selim I, known to his subjects as Suleiman Kanuni, “the Lawgiver,” commanded the greatest Ottoman assault on Christian Europe. |
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| Founded by Babur. Mughal means “Mongol” in Persian, and Timurids were of Turkic rather than Mongol origin. |
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| Grandson of Babur. A brilliant but mercurial man whose illiteracy betrayed his upbringing in the wilds of Afghanistan, established the central administration of the expanding state. |
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| Enslaving Christian prisoners , an actions of questionable legality in Islamic law, was an Ottoman innovation. Elite group of foot soldiers. Converted to Islam, these “new troops,” called yeni cheri in Turkish and “janissary” in English, gave the Ottomans great military flexibility. |
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| Founder of the Mughal Empire, descended from Timur. |
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| The emergence of this religion in the region of northwest India constituted another change in Indian religious life in the Mughal period. Nanak was the religion’s first leader, stressed meditation as a means of enlightenment and drew upon both Muslim and Hindu Imagery in his teachings. |
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| Was is Iran resembled its longtime foe in many ways: it initially used land grants to support its all-important cavalry; its population spoke several languages; focused on land rather than sea power; urban notables, nomadic chieftains, and religious scholars served… |
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| Was the name for the Russian ruler since 1547. |
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| IN the 12th century Japan’s imperial unity had disintegrated and the country fell under the rule of numerous daimyo. Each one had his own castle town, a small bureaucracy, and an army of warriors, the samurai. The daimyo pledged a loose allegiance to the hereditary commander of the armies, the shogun. |
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| The greatest Tsar of Russia. Made vast changes that improved the Empires size and reduced the isolation. Known for turning Russia away from its Asian cultural connections toward what he deemed the civilization of the west. |
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| A new form of military government formed by Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543 – 1616). The shoguns created a new administrative capital at Edo (now Tokyo). Trade along the well maintained road between Edo and Kyoto promoted the development of the Japanese economy and the formation of other trading centers. |
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| name came form the Turkic word, for warrior or mercenary soldier. Cossacks became highly diverse in their origins and beliefs. They belonged to tight knit groups, were superb riders and fighters, and were feared by both villagers and legal authorities. Were most loyal to their bands and whoever was paying for their services. |
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