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| The Focus on external material happiness found in status, comfort and experience which lead people to constantly want to acquire things that do not necessarily make them happy causing them to need to acquire more things.. |
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| King Of Uruk in ancient Sumeria. Half God. |
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| A Wild Beast-man created to be the companion of Gilgamesh |
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| The Story of Gilgamesh’s search for immortality. |
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Ancient Hebrew Writings; part of the old testament in the Christian Bible; “All is vanity;” “Eat, drink and be merry;” comes from Hebrew term ecclesia (assembly). More realistic approach to life, stresses the importance of living in the now because in the end we all die which makes us enjoy life more.
Possible authors: Solomon or Qoheleth |
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| Buddhism meaning the followers. |
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| most popular school of buddhism for the layperson and made easily accessible to people. |
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| Buddhist monastery, or monk life |
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| Human embodiment of Vishnu. The all powerful. High God. |
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| Warrior Prince faced with a dilemma about killing his kin. Krishna is his charioteer and friend. |
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| yoga of knowledge of onesself and also Krishna (the divine) |
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| disciplined selfless action according to one’s dharma |
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| action of devotion and sacrifice in hinduism, “to worship any form with faith” via the Gita |
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| nirvana you can reach while still alive on earth, a state of complete happiness while moksha is liberation from fulfilling samsara. |
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| earliest form of Buddhism based on actual teachings of Buddha taught by the Sanhga: Monks and Nuns. |
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| Born 354, common era. Spiritual guidance, Acceptance, If you sin your suffering, suffering is a step to spiritual guidance. era when Christianity started to become diverse. Wrote Confessions, we read newly translated and edited version by Albert Outler. |
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| by Augustine, not an autobiography but instead “a deliberate effort, in the permissive atmosphere of God's felt presence, to recall those crucial episodes and events in which he can now see and celebrate the mysterious actions of God's prevenient and provident grace.” |
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| strong sexual desire and lust (Augustine Confessions) |
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| when Augustine of Hippo robbed his neighbors pears with his friends and realized his sinful nature |
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| “Apologia” (Greek) - practice of self-defense. Socrates “apology” was chronicled by Plato it is said to be his actual speech that he delivered in his own defense. |
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| humanity in Confucianism other words to describe it are goodness, benevolence, love, perfect virtue, in this section Confuscius presents his eye for an eye philosophy |
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| AKA Song of Solomon ancient hebrew text part of the old testament of the Christian Bible, story of two lovers the Shulammite and her beloved |
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| K'ung Fu-tzu, lived from 551-495/479 BCE, The Analects were written after his teachings, and used after the warring states period in a search for order/consolidation of Qin (China), philosopher |
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| obedience and reverence to elders as well as serving and taking care of them Confucian principle |
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| “the gentleman”in Confucianism, a person who has reached or exhibits true humanity, he who practices self-cultivation, cultivates moral personality in order to bring tranquility to all. |
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| the arts of peace, culture and refinement in Confucianism: music, poetry, dance, calligraphy, and aesthetics |
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| rites in Confucianism crucial to virtue. Could be ceremonial practices (animal sacrifice, moon festivals etc. or general decorum |
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Chinese female confucian (c. 80 CE) wrote on humility, the role of husband and wife, respect and caution, womanly qualifications and implicit obedience. Wrote Lessons for a Woman, a text intended for her daughters on how to be a good wife/woman. Womanly Qualifications:
(1)womanly virtue; (2) womanly words;
(3) womanly bearing; (4) womanly work. |
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| Confucianism; “the golden rule”; one should treat others as one would like others to treat one’s self. |
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| early civilizations between tigris and euphrates used this word for the ultimate reality and eventually became incorporated into the name for the one God of Israel Elohim |
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| I am that I am, the Hebrew God of the Jewish people |
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| possible author of Ecclesiastes, not one person but the assembly teacher |
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| Ancient Hebrew Scriptures consisting of the Torah (law), Nev’im (prophets) and Ketuvim (other writings including Job and Song of Solomon) |
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| Speaker on the post modern era. |
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| teacher of Plato, alive in athens at its peak of Democracy, as well as time of war (Athens v Sparta) defeat of athens, reaction to this defeat (oligarchic), movement of restoration to Democracy. He gets caught up in these battles. Oracle predicts him to be the wisest of men. Trial and Death of Socrates. |
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| unifying sound in ancient hinduism made in unison to connect with supernatural forces |
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| greek philosopher who was a student to Socrates and teacher to Aristotle. Believes in the virtues of: Beauty, Strength, Justice, and Temperance. |
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| greek word for philosophy meaning “love of wisdom” |
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| Brahmin (or Brahmana) refers to an individual belonging to the Hindu priest, artists, teachers, technicians class (varna or pillar of the society) |
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| Hindu termed used to describe the ineffable true reality which all beings are a part of. |
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| is the name normally given to Aristotle's best known work on ethics |
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| also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity, son of god. |
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| In philosophy, especially that of Aristotle, the golden mean is the desirable middle between two extremes, one of excess and the other of deficiency |
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| Buddhism. principle the true self of an individual beyond identification with phenomena, the essence of an individual |
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| The Islamic Community made up of Muslims and the People of The Book. |
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| are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts |
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| considered by muslims the last prophet sent by god for mankind, unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam |
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| is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar; Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting in Islam |
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| One who submits to Islam, follows the Qu’ran, and adheres to the 5 pillars of Islam. |
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| were a powerful merchant tribe that controlled Makkah and its Kaaba.Muhammad was born into the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. |
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| is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God dictated to the prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. |
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| The monotheistic religions accepted by Islam as part of the Ummah including Jews, Christians, Hindus, and Zoroastrians. |
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| is the term for the four broad ranks into which traditional Hindu society is divided (caste system): the brahmins head of the caste system (priest and scholars), kshatriya body of caste system (kings, governors, warriors and soldiers), vaishyas legs of caste system (artisan, agriculturist, merchants), shudras feet of caste system (labourers and service providers), Dalit untouchables (the people who touch the impure things such as blood and feces. |
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| (ca. 37-100 CE) Jewish historian, wrote what he observed, secondary source of Jesus’ disciples |
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| is the repeating cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth (reincarnation) within Hinduism, Buddhism, Bön,Jainism, Taoism,[1] Yârsân |
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| There are four forms of yoga, which can be used to realize moksha (liberation from samsara): Bhakti (the way of devotion), Karma (the way of action), Jnana (the way of knowledge), Raja (the eightfold or eight-limbed path of the Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali) |
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in Islam this is the structure that is circled around 7 times during the Hajj in Mecca. Allegedly built by Abraham and once was the center for all the pagan gods. Muhammad cleansed this space and destroyed the pagan statues.
Elaine |
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| Wrote God the Father/God the Mother: the Gnostic Gospels and the Suppression of Early Christian Feminism. Discusses why orthodox Christians fear women and why Christians excluded all of the Gnostic texts from the New Testament. |
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| philosopher Siddhartha Gautama after achieving enlightenment/nirvana during Bodhi tree meditation. Also a term used to address other Buddhist followers who have achieved nirvana. |
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| in Mahayana Buddhism, holy beings, something not included in Theravada Buddhism (original buddhism) |
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| the real name of the Buddha, an Indian prince, encountered 4 sufferings: old age, disease, death, holy man. Meditated under the Bodhi tree, achieved enlightenment/nirvana, started buddhism |
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| story of Arjuna as he speaks to Krishna in the middle of the battlefield on his dilemma of action, inaction, and fulfilling his dharma when faced with the task of killing family members in an Indian civil war |
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| one of the two Indian epics, of which the Bhagavad-Gita is part |
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| Islamic religious leader/mystic, inspired the Sufi Islamic movement, woman, Rabia al-Adawiyyah |
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| collection of sayings by Jesus or about Jesus put together in the 30s - 40s. AD |
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| Form of Christian mysticism that was less rigid about the role of females in the religion and the dual nature of God. Gnostic gospels include the Gospel of Mary and Thomas. |
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| Movements formed on the teachings of Jesus which included many of his disciples. |
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| Gnostic text originally not included in orthodox Christian bible, talks about roles of women, and how to attain salvation. |
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| A Gnostic text, collection of traditional Sayings of Jesus. Two versions, first discovered in late 1800’s second is a complete version in Coptic from Codex II of the Nag Hammadi |
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| an account of Jesus’ sermon on the mountain |
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| Sermon on the Mount/Beatitudes |
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| the sayings by Jesus beginning with “Blessed are those/they” |
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| Spanish nun who wrote mostly secular poems about the pursuit of knowledge. Her feelings about women’s rights to education and life of the mind. She was highly criticized and eventually forced to silence, prayer, and physical penance. |
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| Michel Montaigne Essays (1580) |
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| essays (new literary form), written by the "father of skepticism", part of wealthy commoner class, Essays talked about how thinking about death can improve life |
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