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Definition
| words that sound the same, much used in Chinese and words differentiated by tone |
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| Rites, rules for behavior when dealing with those of seniority, used by upper class, "beauty of proper conduct", used in China, |
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| Respect of a son or daughter for a parent, ancestor veneration, |
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| respect for ancestors who happen to be intercessors between people and the higher beings |
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| another word for ancestors that were the communicators between people and the gods |
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| extra month inserted to sync lunar calendar with the solar calendar |
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| hereditary succession of rulers |
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| grain eaten in ancient China before rice was introduced |
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| a "perfect" ruler of ancient China that chose Shun, a commoner, to succeed him; he ruled with Shun for 10-20 years before giving up the throne to Shun |
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Definition
| first commoner to rise to the seat of ruler of ancient China, chosen by Yao, succeeded by Yu |
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Definition
| Ruler of China after Shun, took care of flood, his son started the Hsia/Xia dynasty, |
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Definition
| First dynasty of China, started by king Yu's son |
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| Dynasty lasting from 1766 BC-1122 BC, notable for oracle bone divination, |
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Definition
| Ancient Chinese used these for divination for both simple and important matters |
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Definition
| Oracle bones were used for these purposes |
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| animal subject of sacrifice, |
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Definition
| anyone that wasn't Chinese in ancient China |
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Definition
| mortals with divine ties that generally invent/discover things useful to humans |
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Definition
| "lord on high", shadowy figure, behind and beyond everything, no direct connections with humans/mortals, |
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Definition
| 1122-256 BC, semi-barbarians, the golden age was during this dynasty, |
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Definition
| name meaning "cultured" or "accomplished", planned to conquer Shang Dynasty, |
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Definition
| son of King Wen, lead the conquering of the Shang Dynasty, his son was King Cheng, |
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Definition
| Son of King Wu, who died young; the Duke of Zhou was regent till King Cheng was old enough to rule, |
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Definition
| King Cheng's uncle, posed as regent for King Cheng till he was old enough to rule, model of piety for 6-7 years as regent, |
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Definition
| person that takes the place for the king till he is old enough or mature enough to rule |
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| part of ancient Chinese religion, more impersonal, more abstract than Shang Di, "heaven", declared Mandate of Heaven upon ruler, |
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Definition
| permission for a person to be the ruler of China, declared by Ti-en, |
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Definition
| piece of land given as payment or sustenance (in China, one was given to the Shang family after the dynasty was conquered) |
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Definition
| Where the Shang family was sent to live after their dynasty was overthrown |
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Definition
| a government system established to help rule large countries, power is delegated to the rulers' trusted ones or relatives who are given fiefs as payment |
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Definition
| a type of shell kept on string as a type of money |
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Definition
| vessel for soup to be given to ancestors during a ceremony |
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Definition
| wine poured on the ground to give to the spirits |
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| Zhou Dynasty moved the capital to this city |
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Definition
| 1122-771 BC, first part of Zhou Dynasty, |
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Definition
| 771-256 BC, Zhou Dynasty after the capital was moved east to Luoyang, |
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Definition
| period of chronicle events recorded by season, 120 states information, wrote on China breaking up, civil warring, |
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Definition
| mentioned Spring and Autumn, (Confucius was from Lu), this is how we know about the Spring and Autumn period, |
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Definition
| when various leaders chose leaders for present emergencies, approved by Zhou king, |
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Definition
| individuals allowed to do this to their parents for wrongdoings, but if their parents chose not to correct themselves, then they were to be silent, |
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Definition
| pertaining the Book of Documents which contained a collection of speeches and stories justifying the conquest of Zhou over Shang |
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Definition
| pertaining to the Book of Odes which was about daily life, love, and marriage, presumed to have deep, moral meaning, |
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| Early Chinese philosopher who lived from 551-479 BC, strong supporter of filial piety and the rites, |
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Definition
| Confucius' followers that started the hundred schools, also recorded things that Confucius said, |
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| Collections of quotes from Confucius |
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| The Chinese name for the Analects of Confucius |
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Definition
| style, either given or made up yourself, used by elders or those close in relation, |
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| Confucius' Chinese name, also went by Chung-ni, |
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Definition
| Do not impose upon others which you would not impose upon yourself |
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| translation meaning "the gentleman", also pertaining to the idea that family comes first, aristocratic in manner, |
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Definition
| translates into "benevolence", achieved by "the gentleman" |
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Definition
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Definition
| one can do this to try to keep a family member from committing a crime |
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Definition
| the "Way" of former things from the sage kings |
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| 479-372 BC, wrote "Moderation in Funerals", anti-rites, used solid practical reasoning, "universal love" |
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Definition
| Chinese Daoist that believed the Way was ineffable, promoted wu-wei, or non-action |
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Definition
| 369-286 BC, Chinese Daoist that didn't often refer to the Way, was very fantastical and had a "love affair with death", believed people should maximize their personal freedom, mentions fantasy, obscenities, jokes, and magic (all with points), |
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Definition
| The three kings of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou Dynasty that had great virtue, later became a model for piety and excellence for Chinese philosophers, |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Confucius' explanation for applying different rules to different people |
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| Not able to be spoken of (referring to Daoism) |
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Definition
| An idea that can only be explained by its opposite, self-contradiction, |
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Term
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Definition
| non-action to practice Daoism |
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Term
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Definition
| a concept and its opposite |
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Definition
| the "perfect society" with many laws, all clearly written and distributed, the type of government supported by Han Fei Tzu, |
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Definition
| Chinese philosopher that believed what worked for the Sage Kings doesn't work today, supporter of Legalism, |
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Definition
| 221-207 BC, first Dynasty after the unification of China, name coming from one of the 7 states (before unification), |
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Definition
| the action of endowing a piece of land to a person of power |
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Definition
| a type of labor in which the emperor can allocate his workers however he wants |
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Definition
| the Chin Dynasty unified their systems one of them including strings of coins/____ |
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| Son of emperor Shih Huang Ti, committed suicide because of a letter forged from prime minister commanding him to do so |
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Definition
| First Emperor of Chin Dynasty, unified China, went in search of elixir of life because daoist priests told him he could find it, |
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Definition
| Name of first emperor of Chin Dynasty, later thrown out for Shih Huang Ti |
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Definition
| wall built buy Shih Huang Ti, beginning of Great Wall but not the same wall as today, 300,000 men worked on the wall at all times, |
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Term
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Definition
| Shih Huang Ti searched for this to gain immortality, instructed by daoist priests that he could find it, |
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Definition
| the only commoner to ever become emperor, founded the Han Dynasty, was originally official in a small town, r. 202-195 BC, |
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Definition
| Liu Bang, originally a commoner, founded Han Dynasty, named after Han area, |
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Definition
| 202 BC - 220 AD, Founded by Liu Bang, combined legalist and Confucian ideas for government, opened silk road for trade, used examination system and employed civil service, |
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Definition
| Confucius thought with legalistic qualities, practiced rituals, employed Confucian advisors, |
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Definition
| 202-157 BC, son of Empress Dowager Lu, practicer of Daoism, abolished imprisonment by most things except treason, |
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Definition
| System in which ministers or officers ran counties/prefectures, needed to pass the examination system to attain this occupation, system introduced by Han Dynasty, |
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Definition
| Used to allow or prevent people from getting into civil service, only the "worthy" was allowed, university started, introduced by Han Dynasty |
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Definition
| A noble man or emperor's other wives besides his main wife, |
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Definition
| woman of a noble man or emperor, lower than a wife or a consort, |
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Definition
| widow with property or title from deceased husband, Empress Lu who acted as regent for her son |
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Definition
| Employed men of the emperor who guarded concubines, "bed-watcher", disliked by Confucians, |
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Definition
| c145-c90 BC, great historian, first grand historian of China, wrote "Records of the Grand Historian", was castrated for being accused of misleading the emperor when he was advisor (tried to defend his friend, a military leader) |
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Definition
| Daughter of historian, writer of "Lessons for Women", |
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Definition
| Western boundary of India, remains of ancient India found (planned cities with axes, mud brick walls, raised citadels, c 2500 - c 1800 BC) |
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Definition
| Script not yet decipherable, made of baked clay with designs, pictures usually depicting animals such as bulls, |
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Definition
| People from northern/north-western India (modern Pakistan and Afghanistan), entered India c 1800 BC, were pastoral nomads with cows, described as warlike with chariots, used bronze weapons, discovered the "Dasas" and described them as phallus worshippers, didn't build cities or temples, nor wrote, |
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Definition
| The Vedic Aryans were this because they were constantly moving and they herded cows |
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Term
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Definition
| Meaning "noble", what the Vedic Aryans called themselves, |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning "dark", what the Vedic Aryans called the snub-nosed people of India that they encountered, |
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Definition
| worshipped by the dark, snub-nosed Dasas, |
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Definition
| Over 1000 hymns in this collection to Indian gods, meaning "stances of praise of secret knowledge", |
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Term
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Definition
| praising one god with such intensity that the one god manifests all others, |
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Definition
| one of the more important gods in the Rig Veda, considered a warrior god of the middle air, famous for slaying the dragon, |
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Definition
| originally king of the gods and god of the upper air, in charge of rita ("moral order of the universe"), |
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Definition
| "moral order of the universe", controlled by Varuna, |
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Definition
| meaning "fire", god of the earth, 1/5 of the hymns in the Rig Veda are dedicated to Agni, |
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Definition
| psychedelic drug, used during rituals, regarded as a god, made from a plant from a mountain, |
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Definition
| the primeval man of Indian mythology, bigger than the universe, cut up to create the universe, |
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Definition
| Alexander was king of this country in Northern Greece |
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Definition
| A Greek country devoted to warfare, defeated in 338 by Alexander the Great, |
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Definition
| a line of warriors bearing a sarissa (a 15 foot long spear), technique used by Alexander the Great |
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Definition
| a 15 foot long spear borne by a phalanx, used as one of Alexander's battle tactics, |
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Definition
| Mother of Alexander and wife of Phillip |
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Definition
| Alexander's friends that wrote memoirs of him, allowing people today to know about Alexander |
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Definition
| the Persian woman Alexander fell in love with and made his wife |
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Definition
| 302-291 BC, Roman ambassador to the court who visited and lived in India; his writings didn't survive, but others wrote about his writings, wrote "On India", wrote about the "7 races" or the caste system, came after Chandragupta, |
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Definition
| 321-301 BC, Indian dynasty founded by Chandragupta Maurya, conquered most of India, |
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Definition
| Man that founded the Maurya dynasty, |
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Definition
| Another name for Chandragupta Maurya in Greek and Latin, |
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Definition
| name for a person practicing Hinduism attempting to break out of the cycle and reach moksha, denied self physical desires, |
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Definition
| type of slave that was considered property |
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Definition
| advisor to Chandragupta Maurya that wrote "Treatise on Material Gain" and "Arthasastra", wrote about a spy system used by the king, |
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Term
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Definition
| written by Kautilya, the book was about how the king should behave to preserve the common good, even if it meant hiring spies, |
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Term
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Definition
| punishment for the disloyal in India, basically assassination, |
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Term
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Definition
| to walk around something, the Indian king did this to a cow, a bull, and a calf, |
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Definition
| the basic for Kautilya's scientific foreign policy, |
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Term
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Definition
| an idea laid out by Kautilya of the kings surrounding a would-be conquerer and his proper relations to those kings, |
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Term
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Definition
| a king in the Circle of kings that could either be an ally or an enemy |
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Term
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Definition
| a king whose land was not neighboring the would-be conquerer's |
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Definition
| whoever was there when the first people came |
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Term
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Definition
| cycle of cause and effect in terms of good and bad |
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Term
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Definition
| "release" from the cycle of rebirth, |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning "to uphold" or "to sustain", personal duty, universal law, religion, |
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Term
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Definition
| "color", classes in the Indian caste system (4), consisting of the priest, warrior/noble, commoner, and servant; each varna was from a different part of Perusa, |
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Term
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Definition
| stages of life in Hinduism according to age (student, householder, forest-dweller, and renunciate), goal is moksha, |
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Definition
| the final 4th stage of asrama, where one is a wanderer, only eats food when given, leaves wife, practices benevolence; this helps one get to moksha |
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Definition
| a person that has ascended the four varnas |
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Definition
| meaning "birth", word for caste, |
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Definition
| meaning "a sitting near a teacher", followed vedas, came before Buddha, a teacher instructing a pupil, |
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Definition
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Definition
| a word that gave priests the power to interact with the gods and have a sort of power or control over them from the commoner's view |
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Definition
| the unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality; the ultimate reality, |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| meaning "awakened one", one who has reached the state of perfect enlightenment, |
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Definition
| c560-481 BC, founder of Buddhism, price of 2nd class, also called Tathagata, enlightened at 35, |
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Definition
| meaning "the perfected one", the name Gautama Buddha gave to himself, |
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| Buddha's sermons which provided guidelines and rules for monks and nuns (vinaya) |
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Definition
| rules for monks and nuns composed by Buddha |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| part learning and part asceticism, a state of knowing through meditation, |
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Definition
| the coming of enlightenment |
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Term
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Definition
1) Nature must have suffering
2) Desire is the cause for suffering
3) It is possible to eliminate suffering by eliminating desire
4) The Way of getting rid of suffering is the 8 fold path |
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Term
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Definition
the fourth part of the 4 noble truths, used to eliminate suffering, method of release,
1. Right view
2. Right intention
3. Right speech
4. Right action
5. Right livelihood
6. Right effort
7. Right mindfulness
8. Right concentration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of the 8 fold path, blessings to people in asking for food, |
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Term
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Definition
| male/female buddhists; females of these types have more rules than males, followers of buddha, |
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Term
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Definition
| a person that works to build merit for their next lives, follows 4 noble truths and the 8 fold path, probably will not reach nirvana or enlightenment in current life, |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddha's group of companions or entourage that helped him spread Buddhism, |
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Definition
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Definition
| remains that are held as sacred |
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Term
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Definition
| mound shaped structure containing the relics of Buddha that Buddhists circumambulated in thought |
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Definition
| a future buddha, could have achieved nirvana in earlier life, but chose to be reborn to help others |
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Definition
| r. 269-232 BC, grandson of Chandragupta, expanded realm into the southeast and the south, erected edicts promoting dharma, viewed as a saint in Buddhism, |
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Definition
| Roman historian that wrote about Roman history, starting with the Trojan War, |
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Term
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Definition
| A Trojan that escaped the War; his descendants founded Rome, |
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Term
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Definition
| Aeneas' son, also known as Iulus (possibly ancestor to the Julius family) |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for Aeneas' son, Ascanius, |
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Definition
| 13th generation after Aeneas, founder of Rome, |
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Term
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Definition
| divination by bird watching |
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Term
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Definition
| a person that conducts liver readings for divination |
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Term
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Definition
| liver reading for divination |
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Term
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Definition
| a ceremonial attendant that carried fasces, usually there were 12 in an entourage, |
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Term
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Definition
| a bundle of sticks with an axe in the center, used to punish people but eventually became simply for symbolic display of authority, |
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Definition
| 2nd king of Rome after Romulus, introduced religion and temple of Vesta, |
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Term
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Definition
| Roman goddess of the hearth |
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Term
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Definition
| 6 of these tended Vesta's hearth, serving for 30 years, |
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Definition
| Roman god, name meaning "boundary stone", |
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Definition
| Roman god, name meaning "manure", |
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Definition
| Roman god, equivalent to Greek god Zeus, |
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Term
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Definition
| Roman goddess, equivalent to Greek goddess Hera, |
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Definition
| Noble Roman woman who was raped by the king's son Sextus Tarquinus and committed suicide, triggering Marcus Iunius Brutus to start a revolt, leading to the rise of the Roman republic |
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Definition
| Man that galvanized the revolution of the Roman republic, the first consul of the Roman republic in 509 BC, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| place of entertainment for Romans |
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Term
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Definition
| long oval chariot racing arena |
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Definition
| a political leader of the Roman Republic, 2 consuls per year who each had immunity, were also generals in times of war, could appoint dictator as a substitute, |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning "command in battle", the power the consuls had, |
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Term
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Definition
| a substitute ruler chosen by the consuls during times in which the consuls were away or preoccupied, could only stay in office for 6 months or however long their service was needed, |
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Term
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Definition
| the people's defender, has immunity for 1 year, could veto actions of the magistrate such as draft prevention, |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 of these counted the heads of households to determine net worth or citizens, this helped determine voting power, |
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Definition
| people taken to Rome from unruly Greek areas |
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Term
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Definition
| Polybius wrote a book on this called "The Histories", covering Roman history for Greeks, |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a period of four years, associated with the Olympic Games, Polybius used this dating scale to write his histories, |
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Term
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Definition
| 264-146 BC, wars fought between Rome and Carthage, the former which won, |
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Term
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Definition
| Phoenician country that was known for its naval strength, fought Rome in the Punic Wars, |
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Term
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Definition
| hired soldiers from afar, Carthage hired these to fight Rome, but they turned on Carthage, |
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Term
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Definition
| warships used by the Phoenicians and Romans |
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Term
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Definition
| a civic parade after Roman victory in which the generals are honored with private sacrifices to Jupiter, useful because it built patriotism, |
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Term
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Definition
| masks of the dead man's famous ancestors at a funeral; these are worn and the mask bearer acts out as the person |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the two kinds of assemblies of the general voting population; group voting system in which the majority vote would be the group vote, citizens grouped by worth, the wealthy dominated, |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the two kinds of assemblies of the general voting public; there were 35 groups based on where one lived, the rich and poor were mingled within the groups, these groups voted on lesser issues and the poor had a chance to make a difference in this assembly, |
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Term
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Definition
| a system in which votes were counted in groups by the majority of the group, everyone could participate, but few had real power, |
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Term
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Definition
| military officers of the Roman Legion; 6 appointed, but power was only given to two at a time |
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