Term
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Definition
| concept related to the number of users or volume of operations that a given hardware/software combination can manage; one limitation to early enterprise systems along with being custom designed |
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Term
| enterprise system evolutionary |
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Definition
- stand alone mainframe systems
- client server architecture
- Service-Oriented architecture (SOA)
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Term
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Definition
emergence of this architecture in enterprise systems led to its explosive growth in use during the 1980s and 1990s
The three components or layers of this architecture are:
- presentation layer
- application layer
- data layer
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Term
| service-oriented architecture (SOA) |
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Definition
| companies benefited from new technologies that could help integrate many different client-server systems together in new and variable ways; these new technologies are collectively called service-oriented architecture |
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Term
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Definition
| rely on web services to send and receive data between and among ES |
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Term
| enterprise resource planning (ERP) |
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Definition
| type of ES that is most closely associated with globalization in the 1990s; these systems are the largest and most complex of ES |
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Term
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Definition
- Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
- Supply Chain Management (SCM)
- Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)
- Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
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Term
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Definition
supply chain management
- connects companies ERP systems to its suppliers
- connect company to other companies that supply the material they need
supplier relationship management (SRM)
- typically manages the overall relationship with company suppliers
- these systems contain functionality to manage the quotation and contract processes
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Term
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Definition
| customer relationship management systems connect a company's ERP systems to its customers; provide companies with the capabilities to manage marketing, sales, and services for its customers |
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Term
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Definition
Product life cycle management (PLM) helps companies administer the process of research, design, and product management
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Term
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Definition
| the collection of all these systems being put to use |
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Term
| best-of-breed applications |
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Definition
| typically isolated to one process or part of a process and have evolved from departmental applications; for the company to function effectively, all these apps must be tightly integrated |
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Term
| independent software vendors (ISVs) |
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Definition
| offer highly specialized niche applications for various industries and functions |
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Term
| software-as-a-service (SaaS) |
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Definition
| began to deliver ES solutions entirely through the web; this delivery model enables companies to acquire certain ES functionalities without physically installing software on their servers |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of setting up the ES so it can support the work of the business, that is, the business processes |
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Term
| business-to-business (B2B) commerce |
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Definition
| purchasing materials directly from other companies according to the business requirements; requires a standardized process for buying and selling commercial goods and also transferring funds to pay for those goods in an efficient manner |
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Term
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Definition
| a document that identifies the material needed, the quantity needed, and the date it is needed |
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Term
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Definition
| an agreement to purchase the stated material, for the stated price, under the stated terms; contains pricing and shipping information as well as info on the purchase requisition |
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Term
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Definition
| this point is the point at which ownership of the material in the shipment legally transfers from one company to the other |
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Term
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Definition
| delivery document that provides details about the materials contained in the shipment |
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Term
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Definition
| verifies that the specified goods have been received |
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Term
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Definition
| involves the physical shipping of any damaged, incorrect, or incomplete products back to the vendor and verifying that the vendor sends a replacement shipment |
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Term
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Definition
if data on purchase order, goods receipt, and vendor invoice all match; payment is then sent to vendor
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Term
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Definition
A term combining aspects of reporting, data exploration and ad hoc queries, and sophisticated data modeling and analysis.
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Term
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Definition
| A term describing the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| data present in a context that can answer a question or support decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| insight derived from experience and expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| a single table or a collection of related tables |
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Term
| database management systems (DBMS) |
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Definition
| sometimes called "database software"; software for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data |
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Term
| structure query language (SQL) |
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Definition
| a language used to create and manipulate databases |
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Term
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Definition
| person who sees over actions of the database |
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Term
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Definition
| a list of data, contained in columns (fields) and rows (records) |
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Term
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Definition
| a column in a database table. columns represent each category of data contained in a record |
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Term
| transaction processing systems (TPS) |
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Definition
| systems that record a transaction such as cash register, ATM machine etc |
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Term
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Definition
| some kind of business exchange |
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Term
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Definition
| systems that provide rewards and usage incentives, typically in exchange from a method that provides a more detailed tracking and recording of customer activity. In addition to enhancing data connection, loyalty cards can represent a significant switching cost |
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Term
| artificial intelligence (AI) |
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Definition
| computer software that seeks to reproduce or mimic (perhaps with improvements) human functioning, decision making, brain function |
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Term
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Definition
| firms that collect and resell data |
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Term
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Definition
| Older information systems that are often incompatible with other systems, technologies, and ways of conducting business. Incompatible legacy systems can be a major roadblock to turning data into information, and they can inhibit firm agility, holding back operational and strategic initiatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of databases designed to support decision making within an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| a database or databases focused on addressing the concerns of a specific problem (improving customer quality) or business unit (marketing, engineering) |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of identifying and retrieving relevant electronic information to support litigation efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| reports that provide regular summaries of information in a predetermined format |
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Term
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Definition
| Tools that put users in control so that they can create custom reports on an as-needed basis by selecting fields, ranges, summary conditions, and other parameters. |
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Term
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Definition
| a heads-up display of critical indicators that allow managers to get a graphic glance at key performance metrics |
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Term
| online analytical processes (OLAP) |
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Definition
| a method of querying and reporting that takes data from standard relational databases, calculates and summarizes the data, and stores the data in a special database called a data cube |
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Term
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Definition
| a special database used to store data in OLAP reporting |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of using computers to identify patterns in, and to build models from, large data sets |
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Term
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Definition
| Build a model with so many variables that the solution arrived at might only work on the subset of data you’ve used to create it. |
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Term
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Definition
| an AI system that examines data and hunts down and exposes patterns, in order to build models to exploit findings |
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Term
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Definition
| AI systems that leverage rules or example to perform a task in a way that mimics applied human expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| Model building techniques where computers examine many potential solutions to a problem, iteratively modifying (mutating) various mathematical models, and comparing the mutated models to search for a best alternative. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of a company's annual sales to its inventory |
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Term
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Definition
| program (typically a marketing effort) that requires customer consent; this program is contrasted with opt-out programs, which enroll all customers by default |
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Term
| customer lifetime value (CLV) |
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Definition
| the present value of the likely future income stream generated by an individual purchaser |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a publicly held company has its outstanding shares purchased by an individual or by a small group of individuals who wish to obtain complete ownership and control |
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Term
| Internet Service Provider (ISP) |
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Definition
| an organization or firm that provides access to the internet |
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Term
| URL (uniform resource locator) |
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Definition
| often used interchangeably with "web address," URLs identify resources on the internet along with the application protocol needed to retrieve it |
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Term
| hypertext transfer protocol (http) |
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Definition
| application transfer protocol that allows web browsers and web servers to communicate with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| enables communication by defining the format of data and rules for exchange |
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Term
| file transfer protocol (FTP) |
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Definition
| application transfer protocol that is used to copy files from computer to another |
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Term
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Definition
| distributing a computing or networking workload across multiple systems to avoid congestions and slow performance |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of a system to continue operation even if a component fails |
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Term
| web hosting service a firm that provides hardware and services to run the Web sites of others |
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Definition
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Term
| ICANN (internet corporation for assigned names and numbers) |
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Definition
| nonprofit organization responsible for managing the Internet's domain and numbering systems |
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Term
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Definition
| acquiring a domain name with the intention of exploiting it for financial gain |
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Term
| hypertext markup language (html) |
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Definition
| language used to compose web pages |
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Term
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Definition
| a value used to identify a device that is connected to the internet |
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Term
| NAT (network address translation) |
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Definition
| A technique often used to conserve IP addresses by maps devices on a private network to single Internet-connected device that acts on their behalf. |
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Term
domain name service (DNS)
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Definition
Internet directory service that allows devices and services to be named and discoverable. The DNS, for example, helps your browser locate the appropriate computers when entering an address like http://finance.google.com.
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Term
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Definition
| a temporary storage space used to speed computing tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| (transmission control protocol)- works at both ends of most internet communication to ensure a perfect copy of a message is sent |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of data forwarded by a network. All Internet transmissions—URLs, Web pages, e-mails—are divided into one or more packets. |
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Term
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Definition
| routing protocol that is in charge of forwarding packets on the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| a computing device that connects networks and exchanges data between them |
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Term
| UDP (user datagram protocol) |
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Definition
| Protocol that operates instead of TCP in applications where delivery speed is important and quality can be sacrificed. |
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Term
| voice over internet protocol (VoIP) |
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Definition
Transmission technologies that enable voice communications (phone calls) to take place over the Internet as well as private packet-switched networks.
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Term
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Definition
| when separate ISPs link their networks to swap traffic on the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| high-speed data lines provided by many firms across the world that interconnect and collectively form the core of the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| a system's speed is determined by its slowest component |
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Term
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Definition
| Technologies that connect end users to the Internet. The last-mile problem refers to the fact that these connections are usually the slowest part of the network |
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Term
| broadband (broadband internet access) |
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Definition
| broadly refers to high speed internet connections and is often applied to "last mile" technologies |
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Term
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Definition
| network transmission speeds, typically expressed in some form of bits per second (bps) |
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Term
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Definition
| insulated copper cable commonly used by television cable providers |
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Term
| digital subscription line (DSL) |
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Definition
| broadband technology that uses the wires of local telephone networks |
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Term
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Definition
| broadband service provided via light-transmitting fiber-optic cables |
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Term
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Definition
Frequencies used for communication. Most mobile cell phone services have to license spectrum. Some technologies (such as Wi-Fi) use unlicensed public spectrum
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