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| The activity of two or more people working together to achieve a common goal |
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| Requires to come together as a group in order to create ideas. |
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| Critical, constuctive feedback |
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| People working together to meet a common goal by maintaining their seperate mandates and responsibilities. Working independently but to achieve a common goal at the end. |
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| Difference between collaboration and cooperation |
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| Collaboration always involves feedback and iteration |
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| 3 characteristics of effective team |
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1. Tea maccomplishes its goals in a way that satisfies the teams sponsors and clients
2.Overtime, teams capability increases. Working together becomes easier and more effective
3. Team members feel fulfilled as a result of working as a team. |
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| Hackman 3 characteristics of team effectiveness |
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Definition
1. We get done what you told us to do
2.Over time working together becomes easier and more effective
3. Sense of community "Feeling happy in the group" |
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| 3 Factors of effective collaboration |
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1. Communication
2. Content management
3. Worlkflow control |
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| Two key elements 1. Communication skills and abillities of group members. 2. Availabiliy of effective communication systems. |
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| Tracks and reports the data of who, when an dwhy were changes made to the information (documents, schedules, etc) |
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| Procedure by which content is created, edited, used and disposed. Specifies ordering of tasks. |
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| Create and formalize workflows. For such gorups communication is the most important driver |
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| Why use information systems for collaboration? |
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1. Will make your life easier
2. Creates better results
2Highly Prized and Marketable Skill |
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| Desired Traits for Good Collaborator |
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| Enthusiastic, Curious/Open-Minded, Speak |
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| Improves the tracking of shared content and eliminates problems caused by concurrent documnet access |
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| Gives each member of the team an account with a set permissions. shared documents are placed in shared directories called libraries |
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| Difference between version management and version control |
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| management does not limit the actions that can be taken by any particular user. Nor give control over the changes to documents to particular users. |
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Consider their view as ONE interpretation and learn what OTHER people are thinking
*Empathetic thinking is better for business because business is a social endeavor. Thus, it is important to understand others ́points of view. |
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1. Accurate
2. Timely
3. Relevant
4. Just Sufficient
5. Worth its cost |
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| *The centerpiece of good information |
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| If information is not good: |
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-Managers can not rely on the results
-The IS function develops a bad reputation
-The information system becomes a waste of time and money |
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| Information systems support business process by implementing activities, serving as data repositories, and controlling the flow of data |
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| My role in the business process |
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| You can choose to be active, inactive, empathetic or apathetic |
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| Three types for Discussing Business Process |
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| 1. Management 2. Operational 3. Support |
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| Key Components of a Business Process |
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Definition
1. Activities-collections of related tasks that receive inputs and process those inputs to produce
outputs
2. Decisions-a question that can be answered Yes or No
3. Roles-sets of procedures
4. Resources-people, facilities, or computer programs that are assigned to roles
5. Repository-collection of business records |
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| A network of activities, roles, resources, repositories and data flows that interact to accomplish a business function. |
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| both actors (they can take actions) |
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| Software and procedure components |
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| are sets of instructions (software instructs hardware, procedures instruct people). |
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| bridges the computer and human sides. |
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| Porter ́s competitive FORCES: |
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Definition
1. New Vendors
2. Customers
3. Suppliers
4. Substitute Vendors |
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| *Porter ́s four competitive strategies |
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1.Broad cost leadership across industry (most efficient)
2.Narrow cost leadership focused on particular industry segment (most efficient)
3.Broad differentiation across industry (most effective)
4.Narrow differentiation focused on particular industry segment (most effective) |
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| What are examples of companies that follow the four organizational strategies? |
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| How an organization determines its goals: |
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| Five Forces Model: Competitive and Supply Chain Bargaining Power. Used to determine the characteristics of an industry, how profitable it is, and how sustainable that profitability will be. |
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| How does IS help with competitive strategy: |
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Definition
1. Product implementation: create new, enhance or differentiate.
2. System Implementation: lock in customers and buyers, lock in suppliers, raise barriers to
market entry, establish alliances, and reduce costs |
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| network of value-creating activities. *Used by manufacturing companies |
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Inbound Logistics -Operations
-Outbound Logistics -Marketing and sales - Service |
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-Firm Infrastructure
- Human Resources
- Technology Development
-Procurement |
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| is supported by one or more business processes |
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| Primary Activities of Value Chain: |
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1. Inbound Logistics- receiving, storing, and disseminating inputs to the product
2. Operations/Manufacturing- transforming inputs into the final product
3. Outbound Logistics- Collecting, storing, and physically distributing the product to buyers
4. Sales and Marketing- inducing buyers to purchase the product and providing a means for them to do so
5. Customer Service- assisting customer’s use of the product and thus maintaining and enhancing the product’s value |
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1.Source
2. Process
3. Sink |
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| *Data Flow Diagram (DBD): |
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The movement of a data item from one activity to another or to a
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| Explain the common Problems of DFD |
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-Miracles and Blackholes
-Miracles have results but no Input. Blackhole have no Outputs. |
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| What are the three levels of Organizational Decisions? |
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-Operation: concern day-to-day activities
-Managerial: concern the allocation and utilization of resources
-Strategic: concern broader-scope, organizational issues |
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| Describe and understand the pyramid paradox. |
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Correct, Right Now, Low Cost
-Can’t be all because of the allocation of resources, which means you must make a decision based on the situation |
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| -A problem is in the perception of the individual or company. |
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| Explain what Work-breakdown structure is and its role within project management. |
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-Breaks project up into manageable pieces/levels hierarchy of tasks required to complete a
project, each task ends with deliverables, identifies task dependencies, estimate task duration, cost and labor needed, may be created with project management software |
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| Understand what Critical Path Analysis is and how to determine the critical path. |
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| -Determines the earliest date a project can be completed; to tell critical components, and where you have slack. |
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| purpose of a Gantt chart. |
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| -To lay out a time frame. |
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| one for which there is an understood and accepted method for making decisions. Supported by automated systems |
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| -Unstructured Decision Process |
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| one for which there is no agreed-on decision-making method. Supported by augmentation info systems |
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| concern day to day activities. Typical operational decisions are: How many widgets should we order from vendor A? Should we extend credit to vendor B? In this case TPS (transaction processing systems) come into place. |
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| concern the allocation and utilization of resources. Typical managerial decisions are: How much should we budget for computer hardware and programs for department a next year? In this case MIS (managerial information systems) would come into use. |
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| concern broader-scope, organizational issues. Typical decisions at this level are: Should we start a new product line? This is where EIS executive information systems become useful. |
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| Automated Information Systems |
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| those in which the hardware and software components do most of the work. |
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| Augmentation Information Systems |
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| are those in which humans do the bulk of the work. |
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| interactions across value activities; Porter’s model of business includes linkages. |
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| are business functions that assist and facilitate the primary activities. |
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| is a way that an organization responds to the structure of its industry. It can be four strategies: 1- Lowest cost across the industry; 2 – Lowest cost within an industry segment; 3 – Better product/service across the industry; 4 – Better product/service within an industry segment |
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| are business functions that relate directly to the production of the organization’s products or services. |
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| has the purpose to extract a and clean data from operational systems and other sources and to sort and catalog that data for processing by Business Intelligence tools. |
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| is a data collection that is created to address the needs of a particular business function, problem, or opportunity. |
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| information containing patterns, relationships, and trends. |
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| encapsulate the knowledge of human experts in the form of If/Then rules. |
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| Are information systems that support strategic decision making |
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| Are information systems that support operational decision making. |
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| When work that was once done by people has been moves to computers, it is said to be |
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Term
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| is the perceived difference between what is and what is ought to be. |
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| When we talk about the fact that the CEO needs the summary information rather than the fine details we are talking about |
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| Relevant Context of good information. |
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| nformation exchange that occurs when all members of a work team DO NOT meet at the same time - is best referred to as |
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| Asynchronous Communication. |
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| We have a work group of about 100-150 people that we need to work with to send/receive and track a wide variety of topics/info as a group. Which of the following would be the worst choice to interact with in a group? |
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| Microsoft Sharepoint is one of the most popular |
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| version-control applications for general business use. |
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| A common knowledge base that is maintained by users is called a |
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| Information systems are simply |
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| tools that are used to facilitate communications. |
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| Porter ́s five forces model states that the competitive forces determine |
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| Dr. Gree goes into a restaurant and orders a Dr. Pepper only to find that they are out of Dr. Pepper but they have Cherry Coke which he gets instead. This would be an example of which of the five forces? |
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| Jaguar has choses what competitive strategy? |
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| Porter ́s three forces which are considered to be the “competitive” types are |
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| Substitutes, New Entrants, Rivalry. |
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| Which of the following is NOT one of Porter ́s competitive strategies |
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| the relationship of each part of data in reference to the table. |
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| The Define Name Button will create a group of cells that are associated with a |
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| A range name may contain each of the following EXCEPT |
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| *The VLOOKUP function uses data arranged by |
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| To specify ranges of cells that are non-adjacent, separate the rages with a |
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| By default, text in Excel is |
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| above the selected row and existing rows shift accordingly. |
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| From anywhere in a worksheet, you can press |
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| To paste a range of cells, you only need to select the cell in the |
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| upper left corner of the target destination. |
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| Team member behavior influenced by: |
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Definition
-Natural skills and abilities.
-Childhood formative environment.
-Past team experiences.
-Attitude.
-Nature of work and its relationships to member interests and abilities. |
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| You become nervous because |
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Definition
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| *When you have conflict on your team. |
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1. Identify differences in perspective and decide if those differences are consequential. 2. Understand the rational people have different perspectives based on.
3. Use empathetic thinking.
4. Avoid personal attacks.
5. Agree on a common set of criteria for evaluating and choosing alternatives. |
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| Put data in a piece of paper and send a message. |
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| a web site on which users can publish their opinions, like a web blog, but the opinions are restricted to small amounts of text. Benefits: public relations, relationship sales, market research. |
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| refers to any activity that an entity takes with entities with which it is related |
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| Social Networking Application |
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| computer program that interacts with and processes information in a social network. |
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| something that induces people to share your message. |
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