Term
| What is the term for dilated blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Occur at puberty, open and closed comedones are seen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythema with surface changes: papules, vesicles, oozing and crusting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Greek term eczema means: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Lymphoytic infiltrates,edema in the dermis then edema in the epidermis leads to spongiosis, lcheification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperkeratosis and Acanthosis seen in ___ eczema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nam type of dermatitis: IgE- Allergic history, HSR type I. Starts in infancy, recurs in adolescence, Eosinophilia and IgE may be seen on biopsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name type of dermatitis:exposure to UV light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name type of dermatitis:HSR type IV, agens and irritating substances (cosmetics, nickel rings, leather, rubber products) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name type of dermatitis: Local toxic effect of the chemical (detergents in soaps, shampoos, and household cleaners) |
|
Definition
| Primary irritant dermatitis |
|
|
Term
| Name type of dermatitis: Antigen or hapten (ie penicillin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the disease mechanism of Erythema Multiforme |
|
Definition
| Humoral and cellular hypersensitivity reaction to infections, drugs, or others |
|
|
Term
| What microscopic pathology is seen in erythema multiforme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Itchy, edematous, dry, chapping plaques, excoriations and lichenification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Greasy scales and crusts, dandruff, induced by Malessezia furfur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Lichenification induced by pruritis and repetitive scratching and rubbing |
|
Definition
| Neurodermatitis (Lichen Simplex Chronicus) |
|
|
Term
| Name the disease: Well demarcated plaques and patches with white scales and pinpoint hemorrhages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Yellowish nails with crumbling and separation or pits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Psoriasis is associted with faulty regulation of ____ may be associaed with ____ & _____. |
|
Definition
| epidermal growth, dyslipidemia, seronegative arthritis |
|
|
Term
| Psoriasis is caused by an incased rate of __ replication and accelerated turnover time through the ___, also mediated by cytokines like ____. |
|
Definition
| keratinocytes, stratum spinosum, TNF |
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Parakeatosis, absence of stratum granulosum, Acanthosis, Munro abscesses in stratum corneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Munro Microabscesses and in which skin disease are they seen? |
|
Definition
| Neutrophil filled abscesses seen in Psoriasis |
|
|
Term
| A bipsy of the skin shows collection of T lymphocytes in a micro-abscess within the epidermis. What disease is this a characteristic feature of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Papules and polygonal plaques with Wickham's striae, multiple symmetrical lesions on wrists, feet and lace like oral lesions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Pruritis, purple, polygonal, planar papules and palques |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mchanism of the disease Lichen Planus? |
|
Definition
| Infilration of T lymphocytes with hyperplasia of Langerhans cells |
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Liquefacation degeneration of basal kertinocytes (colloid orCivatte bodies), Saw tooth lie retepegs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the epidermus thickens in Lichen Planus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Thicker granular layer, Acanthosis, Saw-tooth rete ridges, Lymphoid infiltrate at the dermoepidermal Junction, Basal Cell necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the mechanism of the disease?
Well defined, erythematous slightly elevated discoid plaques, no visceral infolvement |
|
Definition
| Humoral hypersensitivity reactions with deposition of immune complexes atthe dermo-epidermal junction |
|
|
Term
| Histologically, Lupus Erythematosus shows vacuolation of which types of cells only? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Keratinocyte vacuolation, Thick Basement Membrane, Lymphoid Infiltration |
|
Definition
| Subacute Lupus Erythematosus |
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Results from the formation of antibodies against gliadin part of gluten in wheat, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Pruritic plawues and vesicles, microabscesses a the tips of dermal papillae, sub-epidermal IgA mediate disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This disease looks like herpes but is associated with celiac disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Flaccid bullae, slight pressure on the zkin increases the zize of bullae, ulceres in the mouht |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis of Pemphigus Vulgaris if untreated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pephigus Vulgaris is a hypersensitivity reaction type ___ with circulating antibodies against___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Suprabasal blisters, Acantholysis, Tombstone appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the disease:
Multiple tense bullae filled with clear fluid, skin aroun esions is eryhematous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the mechanism of the disease?
Large tense subepidermal bullae located on flexor surfaces of forearms, ineraspects of thighs, axillae, groin and lower abdomen, eosinophilic infilrate |
|
Definition
| HSR tye II against bullous pemphigoid antigen (component of hemidesmosome) |
|
|
Term
| What is the bullous pemphigoid antigen? |
|
Definition
| A component of hemidesmosomes |
|
|
Term
| Immunofluorescent microscopy would should Ab against bullous pemphigoid Ag and ___ at the ___ interface in skin here vesicles have not yet formed in the disease Bullous Pemphigoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Seen in Bullous Pemphigoid, pressure on the side of the blister increases its size. |
|
|
Term
| A 25 year old female presents with a rash on the face. The rash has a malar distribution not involving the nasolabial folsd. It gets worse when exposed to sun. There is no history of joint pains of other systemic complaints. |
|
Definition
| DLE-discoid lupus erythematosus |
|
|
Term
Beningn, Malignant or Premalignant?
Seborrheic Keratosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Squamous Papilloma, Keratoacanthoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the types of tumor:
Pigmented macule, round-oval, coin like plaqe, nodule with stuck on appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cell proliferates in Serborrheic Keratoses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Keratin Pearls & Basaloid Cell Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explosive Seborrheic Keratoses is usually associated with___. |
|
Definition
| Acanthosis nigricans, systemic malignancy |
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Symmetrical velvety hyperpigmented plaques, associated with diabetes mellitus, GI, Lung & Breast malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Harbinger of insulin resistance even before the fasting glucose levels are elevated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
A rapidly growing creater -like lesion with a central keratin plug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
p53 mutations, umbilication, sometimes regresses on its own |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign, Premalignant, or Malignant?
Actinic Keratosis, Bowen Disease, Lentigo Maligna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Rough, sand-paper-like plaques, tan-brown, red or skin-colored, dysplasia, may progress to SCC in siture of invasive Ca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can invade the local sheath of the fifth cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Chronic UV radiation, Arsenic exposure, Human papillomvirus type 16 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cancer in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of HPV is associated with SCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Hyperkeratotic, crusted nodules, plaques or patches that may ulcerate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Well differentiated an keratinizing with desmosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Rodent Ulcer, central ulceration, pearly rolled border, telangiectasia, peripheral palisading, mucin production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Vitiligo
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Freckle
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Melasma
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lentigo
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Melanocytic Nevi
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Malignant Melanoma
a) Pigment loss
b) Excess pigment
c) Pigment Cell proliferation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A melanocytic nevus is a nevus of ___ origin that migrates to the skin from the ____ during embryonic life. ___ nevi aggregate along the dermal-epidermal junction. ____nevi drop off into the dermis forming nests of elongated cells. ____nevi composed of elongated cells resembling nueral tissue. Maturation is loss of ____ activity and aquisition of ____ activity. Associated with ___ & ___ mutations. |
|
Definition
| Melanocytic, Nural crest, Junctional, Compound, Intradermal, Tyrosinase, Cholinesterase, BRAF and NRAS |
|
|
Term
| Macule or slightly elevated plaque with certain variation in color. This is a _____ the histopathology is _____. |
|
Definition
| Dysplastic Nevus, Atypical Melanocytes |
|
|
Term
Name the lesion:
Large pebbly surface, variegated brown macule with fuzzy margins and oval but symmetrical shape. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the lesion:
Bridging of melanocytic nests between adjacent rete ridges |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ABCDE characteristics of Melanoma? |
|
Definition
| Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Dimater >6mm, Elevation |
|
|
Term
| Malignant Melanoma displays and ___growth pattern |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What layer does each Clark Level of Invasion correspond to?
I
II
III
IV
V |
|
Definition
I-Epidermis
II-Papillary Dermis
III- Lower Papillary Dermis
IV-Reticular Dermis
V- Subcutaneous fat |
|
|
Term
| What are the two methods of staging of Malignant Melanoma? |
|
Definition
| Clark Level of Invasion, Breslow Thickness |
|
|
Term
For each Prognostic Criteria of Melanoma what indicates a favorable prognosis?
1) Depth of invasion
2) Mitotic activity
3) Regression
4) Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes at baseof vertical growth
5)Gender
6)Location
7)Lymph nodes metastasis |
|
Definition
1) 2) Low
3)Absent
4)Numerous
5)Female
6)Limbs
7)Absent |
|
|
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
After appearance immediately proceeds to vertical growth, poor prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Palms, soles & subungual area, any age, black-skinned people, |
|
Definition
| Acral lentiginous melanoma |
|
|
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Atypical melanocyres at the dermoepidermal interface, irregular, angular & hyperchromatic nuclei, large flat pigmented patch on the sun exposed skin of the elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the Melanoma Variant:
Exhibits radial growth |
|
Definition
| Superfical spreading melanoma |
|
|
Term
A 70 year old woman presents with facial discoloration. The patient is observed to have a flat, pigmented lesion on the atrophic sun damaged skin. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
a) Acral lentiginous melanoma
b) Alopecia
c) Lentigo maligna
d) Mucosal lentiginous melanoma
e) Nodular melanoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 25 year old female presents with a rash on the face. The rash has a malar distribution not involving the nasolabial folsd. It gets worse when exposed to sun. There is no history of joint pains of other systemic complaints. |
|
Definition
| DLE-discoid lupus erythematosus |
|
|
Term
Beningn, Malignant or Premalignant?
Seborrheic Keratosis, Acanthosis Nigricans, Squamous Papilloma, Keratoacanthoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the types of tumor:
Pigmented macule, round-oval, coin like plaqe, nodule with stuck on appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cell proliferates in Serborrheic Keratoses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Keratin Pearls & Basaloid Cell Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explosive Seborrheic Keratoses is usually associated with___. |
|
Definition
| Acanthosis nigricans, systemic malignancy |
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Symmetrical velvety hyperpigmented plaques, associated with diabetes mellitus, GI, Lung & Breast malignancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Harbinger of insulin resistance even before the fasting glucose levels are elevated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
A rapidly growing creater -like lesion with a central keratin plug |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
p53 mutations, umbilication, sometimes regresses on its own |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Benign, Premalignant, or Malignant?
Actinic Keratosis, Bowen Disease, Lentigo Maligna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Rough, sand-paper-like plaques, tan-brown, red or skin-colored, dysplasia, may progress to SCC in siture of invasive Ca |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can invade the local sheath of the fifth cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Chronic UV radiation, Arsenic exposure, Human papillomvirus type 16 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cancer in the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of HPV is associated with SCC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the tumor:
Hyperkeratotic, crusted nodules, plaques or patches that may ulcerate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Well differentiated an keratinizing with desmosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Squamous Cell or Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Rodent Ulcer, central ulceration, pearly rolled border, telangiectasia, peripheral palisading, mucin production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quinilones are mainly active against gram __ bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the first member of the quinolone group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Quinolones act by ihibiting ______ |
|
Definition
| DNA gyrase (topoisomease II) |
|
|
Term
| An important ADE of the quinolone nalidixic acid is___ |
|
Definition
| Hemolysis in G-6-P deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Which of the nucleic acid synthesis inhibitos shows hemolysis in G6P Deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Nalidixic acid (Quinolone) |
|
|
Term
| Fluroquinolones end in the suffix ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the important effects of Fluorquinolones? |
|
Definition
| Bactericidal, Concentration dependent bacterial killing, Postantibiotic effect |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase |
|
|
Term
| How do fluoroquinolones destribut to tissues like bone, prostate, and phagocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice for treating anthrax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norfloxacin is approved only to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is used as prophylaxis against Pseudomonas in children with cytic fibrosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The new FQs Levo/Gemi/Moxifloxacin are used to treat mainly_____ infections and have improved actvity against gram ___ bacteria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the FQ thatis active against most betalactam and aminoglycoside resistant organisms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is Ciprofloxacin Bacteriostatic or Bactericidal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 5 antibiotics which can be used to treat TYPHOID fever |
|
Definition
| Ciproflxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim |
|
|
Term
Which Nucleic acid synthsis inhibitors can present withthe following ADEs?
GI ditress rashes, CNS, Cartilage Damage, Tendonitis, QTc prolongation and Phototoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Along with the Fluoroquinolones _____ can also cause phootoxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ enhance the CNS toxicity of Fluoroquinolones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All sulfonamides are synthetic analogs of ____. |
|
Definition
| PABA (paraaminobenzoic acid) |
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides inhibit the formation of ____ by the enzyme dihydropteroat synthase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trimehoprim inhibits the formatn of _____ by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the plasma sulfonamides are ____ they are metabolized by ____ in the liver. They are widely distributed in the body including the ___. |
|
Definition
| protein bound, acetylation, CSF |
|
|
Term
| Cotrimazole or ___ is the combination of ___ & ____. |
|
Definition
| Bactrim, Trimethopim, Sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Term
| The sulfonamide ___ is typically used topically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The sulfonamide ____ is used in ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug of choice for legionellosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chlamydial urogenital infections during pregnancy (tetracyclines are contraindicated |
|
Definition
| Macrolides (Erythromycin,Azithromycin), Amoxacillin |
|
|
Term
| Most common side effect of Macrolides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe mechanism of resstance to macrolides |
|
Definition
| methylase enzyme adds a meythl group to ribosomal binding site |
|
|
Term
| Mechnism of Action of Clindamycin |
|
Definition
| Like macrolids, inhibits transfer of peptidyl tRNA from the A site to the P site |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic use of clindamyci? |
|
Definition
| Baceroides fragilis (anaerobic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rashs, Pseudomembranou colitis |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of action of Linezolid? |
|
Definition
| Prevents fomation of 70s Initiation Complex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium), VRSA (Voancymycin resistand S. auresus), MSSA/ MRSA, (Methicilli susceptible & resistant S.aureus-nosocomial pnumonia) |
|
|
Term
| What type of effect does Quinupristin/Dalfopristin have? |
|
Definition
| BACTERICIDAL, LONG POST-ANTIBIOTIC EFFECT |
|
|
Term
| Uses of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin? |
|
Definition
| VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococus faecium) |
|
|
