Term
| What is the definition of a mineral? |
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Definition
| A naturally occurring, inorganic crystalline material with a unique chemical composition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weak bonding. |
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Definition
| Any breaks or rupture in rock along which no appreciable movement has taken place. |
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Definition
| The resistance a mineral offers to scratching. |
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Definition
| The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral. |
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Term
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Definition
| The color of a mineral in powered form. |
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Term
| What are mineral resources? |
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Definition
| All discovered and undiscovered deposits of a useful mineral that can be extracted now or at some time in the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit. The term is also applied to certain nonmetallic minerals such as fluorite and sulfur. |
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Term
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Definition
| Already identifies deposits from which minerals can be extracted profitably. |
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Term
| What is the structure of an atom? |
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Definition
| An atom has a nucleus containing neutrons and protons with electrons surrounding the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rock formed by crystallization of molten magma. |
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Term
| What is a metamorphic rock? |
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Definition
| Rocks formed by the alteration of preexisting rock deep within Earth (but still in the solid state) by heat, pressure, and /or chemically active fluids. |
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Term
| What is a sedimentary rock? |
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Definition
| Rock formed from the weathered products of preexisting rocks that have been transported, deposited, and lithified. |
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Term
| The texture of an igneous rock records what? |
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Definition
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Term
| igneous rocks are classified by... |
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Definition
| mineral content and texture such as granite and rhyolite, or basalt and gabbro |
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Term
| What is an intrusive igneous rock? |
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Definition
| An igneous rock that formed below Earth's surface |
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Term
| What is an extrusive igneous rock? |
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Definition
| An igneous rock that formed occurred outside the crust. |
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Term
| What is a glassy texture? |
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Definition
| A term used to describe the texture of certain igneous rocks, such as obsidian, that contain no crystals. |
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Term
| What are the uses for granite? |
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Definition
| tombstones, monuments, counter tops , building stones, and paving stones |
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Term
| What is a detrital sedimentary rock and how are they classified? |
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Definition
Rock formed from the accumulation of material that originated and was transported in the form of solid particles derived from both mechanical and chemical weathering
Classified by particle size |
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Term
| What is a chemical sedimentary rock and how are they classified? |
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Definition
Sedimentary rock consisting of material that was precipitated from water by either inorganic or organic means.
Classified by mineral composition |
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Term
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Definition
| The disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near the Earth's surface. |
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Term
| How does weathering contribute to the formation of sedimentary rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common characteristic of sedimentary rocks is... |
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Definition
| strata, layering, or bedding |
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Term
| Sedimentary rocks are important because they contain the record of... |
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Definition
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Term
| Sedimentary rocks are economically very important and may contain.. |
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Definition
| coal, crude oil, and natural gas |
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Term
| What are the main agents of metamorphism? |
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Definition
| heat, pressure, and chemically active fliud |
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Term
| How are metamorphic rocks classified? |
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Definition
| by texture, foliated and nonfoliated |
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Term
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Definition
| A term for a linear arrangement of textural features often exhibited by metamorphic rocks. |
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Term
| The basement rocks of the continents are... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is differential stress? |
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Definition
The forces that generate mountains are unequal in different directions.
stress is greater in one area than another |
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Term
| ...rocks such as slate are used for building, etc. because of the way it splits due to foliation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is the attraction of of oppositely charged ions to one another, producing an electrically neutral compund |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the electrons are shared between two atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| The valence electrons are free to move from one atom to another so that all atoms share the available valence elctrons |
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Term
| Materials with ... bonds conduct electricity |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the structure of an isotope? |
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Definition
an atom that has an abnormal number of neutrons
Ex. Carbon 13 (7 neutrons and 6 protons) |
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Term
| ...have a different mass number and may be radioactive and radioactive elements can be used for ... rocks |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a silicate mineral? |
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Definition
| any one of numerous minerals that have the oxygen and silicon tetrahedron as their basic structure |
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Term
| Olivine group silicate/nonsilicate |
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Definition
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Term
| pyroxene group silicate/ nonsilicate |
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Definition
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Term
| Amphibole group silicate/ nonsilicate |
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Definition
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Term
| Quartz silicate/ nonsilicate |
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Definition
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Term
| How bonding is related to the way a mineral breaks? |
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Definition
| Different bonds have different strengths. Ionic bonds break easier than covalent and metallic. It is along these bonds that cleavage or breakage occurs.For example, micas will break preferentially along the weaker bonds into sheets |
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Term
| Where are silicate minerals most commonly found? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Quartz the most common silicate mineral found on the continents? |
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Definition
| Because it resists weathering |
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Term
| What is the most common silicate mineral? |
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Definition
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Term
| Halite, gypsum, hermatite, magnetite, and graphite are which silicate or nonsilicate |
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Definition
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Term
| Is ice considered a mineral? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three main particles in an atom?
How are they different from each other? |
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Definition
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Protons (+) Neutrons (no charge)found in neucleus
electrons (-)surrounding nucelus |
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Term
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Definition
| a variety of the same element that have different mass numbers, their nuclei contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neurons. |
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Term
| What are the physical properties used to identify minerals? |
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Definition
luster
color
streak
crystal shape (habit)
hardness
cleavage
fracture
Density |
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Term
| Why is color rarely used to identify minerals? |
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Definition
| Color is rarely used to identify minerals because slight impurities can cause minerals to have many different hues in the same sample. This makes it very hared to identify a mineral simple bu color. Only a few minerals can be identified with color. |
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Term
| What are the two most common silicate minerals in the Earth's crust? |
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Definition
fledspars- more than 50% of crust
Quartz- continental crust |
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Term
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Definition
| semiprecious gemstone, used in pressure gauges |
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Term
Name two uses for
feldspars |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Common table salt, chlorine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Name two uses for
apatite |
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Definition
| manufacturing of fertilizer, occasionally used as gemstone |
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Term
Name two uses for
hematite |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ore of lead, lead used for batteries |
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Term
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Definition
| Sheets used in electronic insulation and crushed for paint |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Name two uses for
fluortie |
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Definition
| used in steel making, used in hydrofluoric acid |
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Term
Name two uses for
corundum |
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Definition
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Term
Name two uses for
sphalerite |
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Definition
| ore of zinc, also mined for small amounts of indium, cadmium, germanium and gallium |
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