Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Minerals and Rocks Notes/ Vocabulary
Refer to Title
56
Science
11th Grade
09/10/2013
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Science Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
What is a Mineral?
 Definition
A natural inorganic solid with chemical and physical properties
Term
Silicate Mineral
 Definition
Mineral that contains silicon and oxygen
Term
What is a Nonsilicate Mineral?
 Definition
Mineral does not contain silicon and oxygen
Term
Crystal
 Definition
Solid whose atoms are arranged in a regular pattern
Term
Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedron
 Definition
Basic unit of Sicilate Minerals formed of four oxygen ions chemically bonded to a silicon ion
Term
Mineralologist
 Definition
Study minerals
Term
Streak
 Definition
Color of minerals in their powdered form
Term

Luster

 

 Definition
The way light reflects off of a mineral
Term
Cleavage
 Definition
Tendency of minerals to splic along specific planes on smooth and flat surfaces
Term
Fracture
 Definition
The manner in which a mineral breaks
Term
Mohs Hardness Scale
 Definition
The standard scale which the hardness of metals is rated
Term
Density
 Definition
D=M/V
Term
Rock Cycle
 Definition
The series of processes in which rocks form and how they form into different types of rocks
Term
Bowen's Reaction Series
 Definition
Pattern illustrating how minerals crystallize from cooling magma
Term
Ingneous rock
 Definition
= Cool Solidified Magma
Term
Intrusive Igneous Rock
 Definition
= Rock formed by Magma cooling and solidifying under the Earth's surface
Term
Extrusive Ingneous Rock
 Definition
Rock that forms above ground due to lava cooling and solidifying
Term
Felsic
 Definition
Feldspar +Silica = Igneous Rock
Term
Mafic
 Definition
Magnesium + Iron = Igneous Rock
Term
Compaction
 Definition
Minerals are formed into rocks by being crushed by pressure underground
Term
Cementation
 Definition
Sediments get inside pores in a rock and the grains combine together to form a rock
Term
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
Minerals in a solution form into a rock
Term
Organic Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
Organism dies and becomes a mineral
Term
Clastic Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
Two pre-existing rock fragments are compacted together
Term
Metamorphism
 Definition
How rocks change into metamorphic rock
Term
Contact Metamorphism
 Definition
Rock + magma = Change in Rock
Term
Regional Metamorphism
 Definition
Rock + Tectonic Forces = Change of Rock
Term
Foliation
 Definition
Mineral grains arranged in planes or bands
Term
Nonfoliated
 Definition
Minerals not arranged in planes or bands
Term
Classes of Minerals
 Definition

Silicate minerals

and 

Nonsilicate Minerals
Term
96% of all minerals are
 Definition
Silicate minerals
Term
These minerals make-up 50% of the Earth's Crust
 Definition
Silicate Minerals
Term
These minerals make up 4% of the Earth's Crust
 Definition
Nonsilicate Minerals
Term
Types of Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedrons
 Definition
  1. Isolated Tetrahedrons
  2. Ring Silicates
  3. Double Chain Silicates
  4. Sheet Silicates
  5. Framework Silicates
Term
Major Examples of Nonsilicate Minerals
 Definition
  1. Carbonates
  2. Halides
  3. Native
  4. Oxides
  5. Sulfates
  6. Sulfides
Term
Carbonates
 Definition
Consist of CO3
Term
Halides
 Definition
Composed of Halogens and group one elements
Term
Native
 Definition
Can be found in nature
Term
Sulfates
 Definition
Contain Sulfate (SO4)
Term
Sulfides
 Definition
Elements combined with Sulfur
Term
These Elements make up 90% of Earth's Crust
 Definition
  1. Quartz
  2. Orthoclage
  3. Plagioclage
  4. Muscovite
  5. biotite
  6. Calcite
  7. dolomite
  8. halite
  9. gypsum
  10. ferromagnesium
Term
Physical Properties to Identify Minerals
 Definition
  1. Color
  2. Hardness
  3. Streak Clevage
  4. Fracture
  5. Luster
  6. Density
  7. Crystal Shape
Term
What is the least reliable way to idnetify minerals?
 Definition
Color
Term
Special Properties Used to Identify Minerals are
 Definition
  1. Magnetism
  2. Flouresence
  3. Phospherescence
  4. Double Refraction
  5. Radioactivity
  6. Chatoyancy
  7. Asterism
Term
Uses of Minerals
 Definition
  1. Make-Up
  2. Birthstones
  3. Jewlery
Term
Three Major Types of Rocks
 Definition
  1. Igneous
  2. Sedimentary
  3. Metamorphic
Term
Types of Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
  1. Clastic
  2. Chemical 
  3. Organic
Term
Examples of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
 Definition
  1. Conglomerate
  2. Sandstone
  3. Shale
Term
What are Clastic Sedimentary Rocks?
 Definition
Fragments of existing rocks are compacted and cemented
Term
Examples of Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
 Definition
  1. Limestone
  2. Rock Salt
  3. Rock Gypsum
Term
What is Chemical Sedimentary Rock?
 Definition
Ions of dissolving minerals that fall out of the solution
Term
Examples of Organic Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
  1. Limestone
  2. Coal
Term
Organic Sedimentary Rock
 Definition
Remains of Plants and Animals that become rocks
Term
Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks
 Definition
  1. Visible Layers
  2. Fossils Present
Term
Metamorphic Rocks
 Definition
  1. Regional metamorphism
  2. Contact Metamorphism
Term
Stratification
 Definition
Visible layers in sedimentary rock
Supporting users have an ad free experience!