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| 5 distinct influences of latin upon English |
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1. military and commercial contact between the romans and teutonic tribes
2. roman occupation in Britain
3. teutonic invasions in britain
4. christianization of britain
5. norman conquest |
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| which of the follwoing is NOT descended from vulgar latin? french, celtic, rumanian, spanish, portuguese |
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| the word ETYMOLOGY derives from: |
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| the word SYLLABUS owes its modern form to: |
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| which word is NOT an acronym: radar, snafu, laser, crux, scuba |
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| the loss of consonants, vowels, or entire syllables at the beginning of a word is a process known as: |
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| voiceless stops p,t,k = become f, P (thorn)/th/ and h:: examples: L.piscis> mod E fish/ tres=three |
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| the traces of latin that survive in british place-names from the romano-celtic period: |
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| suffixes -chester and -caster as in Manchester and Lancaster-- derive from CASTRA "military camp" and -wich as in greenwich is from L.viscus "villiage" |
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| Old English (anglo-saxon): 450-1100 AD.; Middle English: 1100-1500 AD; Modern English: 1500-present |
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| tells how a word is actually used; sets down usage as exists |
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| "prescribes" meaning to a word; how a word should be used; known to be "stuffy"/ attempts to regularize and forrmalize words, points of grammar, etc- language and words set forth as they should be |
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n. 1. a high ranking christian cleric, in modern churches usually in charge of a diocese.
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n.1. a soft yellowish or whitish emulsion of butterfat, water, air , and sometimes salt, churned from milk or cream and processed for culinary use.
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| n. 1. a purple transparent quartz used as a gemstone [(ME amatist |
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n. 1. a man, or fellow
[after guy faqkes (who planned to blow up house of parliament in 1605 in the gunpowder plot) |
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| pl. n. 1. personal belongings
[ |
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| french, italian, spanish, romanian, portuguese |
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| Vulgar Latin VS Classical Latin |
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| vulg. latin: spoken by and writen by the common romans; somewhat grammatically simplified, and displaying differences in vocab= eg: V.lat. caballus but Lat. equus "horse"; vlat. battualia but lat pugna "fight"/ vlat. bucca but lat. os(oris) "moutch" Class. Lat: the elevated literary language of the romans |
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1. scuba- self contained underwater breathing apparatus
2.snafu- situation normal all fucked up
3.radar- radio detecting and ranging |
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| phonetic expansions of abbreviations (examples): |
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1.MC- emcee/ master of ceremonies
2.ok - old correct
3. ko- knock out |
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1. emote from emotion
2. enthuse from enthusiasm - [ |
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| literally "a taking away"/ the lopping off of the initial letter(s) or syllable(s) of a word: cab from taxicab, bus from autobus |
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| literally a "letting go " of a specialized case of apheresis that involves the loss of an initial unstressed vowel in a word: lone |
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| prefixes are changed in form to blend with the base- this process usually occurs to make the pronunciation of the word easier: ad+gress+ion= ag+gress+ion (ad was transformed to ag) pg.35-36 |
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| "one" -unilateral, uniform |
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| "first" - primate, primeval |
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| "three"- trivial, tripartite |
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| "four" - quadrilateral, quadrangle |
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| "fifth" - quintessence, quintet |
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| "ten, tenth"- decimate, december |
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| "hundred"- centennial, centipede, centurion |
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| "thousand"- millennium, mile, millimeter |
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| "fold, or times (as a multiplication factor)" as in triple, or quintuple |
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| origins of the days of the week |
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| formed by the anglo-saxons from the latin names with their own divinities substituted |
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| day of the sun : dies solis |
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| 'day of the moon' : dies lunae |
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| 'Tiu's day- day of tiu, god of war' dies martis , the day of mars |
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| 'Wodens day, day of woden/odin, chief of the anglo saxon gods' :mercurii dies, day of mercury |
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DIES JOVIS "jove's day"
named after the Norse god Thor; romans named it dies jovis (jove's day) after jove/jupiter- their most important god. |
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dies veneris
day in honor of the norse goddess frigg.
to the romans: this day was sacred to the goddess VENUS and was known as DIES VENERIS |
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| dies saturni "saturns day" by the ancient romans in honor of saturn. in anglo saxon: sater daeg. |
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"The ram"
the golden ram whose fleece jason and the argonauts go on a quest to bring back to greece |
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"the bull"
the bull form zeus changes himself into to seduce and carry off europa (cf. this base in taurine, tauromorphic, taurobolium, tauroctony, etc) |
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the devine twins
castor and pollux (cf. geminate, etc) |
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'the scales of balance' (only sign not represented by animal or person)
ruled by planet venus |
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often associated with the mythological figure of odysseus, king of ithaca (from the trojan war) "cupbearer of the gods" or "the water carrier"
traditionally ruled by the planet saturn- uranus has been considered a modern ruler of this sign |
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"the crab"
ruled by the moon
(the 12 trials of heracles) battling hydra, hera sent down giant crab- crushed under heracles foot before defeating hydra. |
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"the lion"
ruled by the sun
stems from 12 heracles trials
heracles eventually defeated lion hand to hand/paw battle |
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'the virgin'
ruled by mercury
-persephone goddess of innocence and purity
-tale of pandora: opened jar and let loose all the evils unto the world- gods fled back to heaven escaping evil.
-only sign represented by a female
daughter of zeus and themis, astraea.
goddess of justice |
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'the scorpion' ruled by mars and pluto
tale of orion-son of poseidon and eurayle.
apollo created sqorpion to kill orion, his brothers favorite hunting partner- they battled, orion died |
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'the archer'
ruled by jupiter
representative of the centaur, Cherion. (immortal)- saved prometheus and died. |
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"the goat"
ruled by the planet saturn
represents the goat amalthea who fed the infant zeus. |
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"the fishes"
ruled by the planet neptune
represents the goddess of love and beauty, aphrodite and the god of love, eros
-encounter with vicious typhoon:zeus turned them into fish so they could survive |
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| [grk. metonymia "change of name"] |
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| [grk. synecdoche "recieiving jointly"] |
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| Early Greek History: Linear B tablets |
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| oldest written records of greek; contain administrative records, lists of greek gods, but no myths. |
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| scandinavian influences on place-name suffixes |
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-by "town"
-thorp(e) "villiage" |
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