Term
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Definition
| A form of transgenerational family therapy, founded by Murray Bowen, that views patterned behavior as being innate in all of nature |
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Term
| Contextual Family Therapy |
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Definition
| A form of transgenerational family therapy, founded by Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy, that focuses on the role of ethics in family relationships |
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Definition
| The science of communication and control in humans and machines |
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Term
| Experiential family therapy |
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Definition
| A school of family therapy that focuses on human emotions and growth rather than interactional sequences |
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Definition
| The family in which an individual is raised |
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Definition
| A single unit in which all members interact as parts of a larger whole |
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Definition
| A technique in which a marital couple is instructed to form a secret alliance separate from the other family members to break up the interactional patterns that exist in their family |
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Definition
| A dysfunctional marital pattern in which the husband and wife fail to accommodate to each other, constantly attack each other, and compete for their children's affection |
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Definition
| a dysfunctional marital pattern in which one spouse is always dominant and the other is submissive and dependent |
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Term
| Milan systemic family therapy |
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Definition
| A form of therapy founded by Palazzoli, Boscolo, Cecchin, and Prata that focuses on both the interactional nature of the family and the therapist-client relationship |
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Definition
| A form of scoial constructionist family therapy, founded by Michael White, that helps clients challenge their views of themselves as having a problem and helps them develop alternative stories about themselves based on their strengths. These strengths then enable them to solve their problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of therapy that uses group process to stimulate the family's network of friends, relatives, and social services to come up with innovative ideas to solve the problem and support the identified patient |
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Term
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Definition
| The expression of false anger to mask family members' needs for intimacy or for help with deeper issues of conflict and alienation |
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Term
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Definition
| The loss of personal identity in the attempt to maintain a false sense of family togetherness |
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Term
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Definition
| Schizophrenic families acted as if they were surrounded by a rubber fence, in that they remained impervious to interventions from outside agents. Typical therapist comments bounced off them as if they were surrounded by rubber. |
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Term
| Social Constructionist Family therapists |
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Definition
| This school of family therapy believes there is no objective reality, and that it is subject to the interpretations of various groups. This menas that all ideas about how a family should look, or how it should solve its problems, are subjective. THerefore, scoial constructionist family therapists do not tell families how to change, but rather help them find their own solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| A brief approach, founded by the members of the MRI, that focuses on observing and altering the interactional sequences in which a problem is embedded |
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Term
| Structural Family Therapy |
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Definition
| an approach, founded by Minuchin, that alters the organization of a family to enable them to solve their probelsm |
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Term
| Symbolic-experiential family therapy |
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Definition
| A specific form of experiential family therapy, founded by Whitaker, in which the therapist attempts to have an experiential form of encounter with the client operating at the symbolic level. This is done to bypass typical patient resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| Communication not with words, but of nonverbal, paraverbal, and contextual aspects of interaction. Analogic communication has connotative meanings. In FT it is the process of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| rules that are implied but not overtly stated |
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Term
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Definition
| Science of communication, control, and feedback; the study of the self-regulating properties of systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundaries that are overly permeable. This causes distance to decrease in familes and boundaries to become blurred (aka enmeshed / fusion) |
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Term
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Definition
| A system's tendency to move toward disorganization |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that similar outcomes may result from different origins. In FST this refers to the ability of a family or families to achieve similar goals in different ways |
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Term
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Definition
| The same process can produce different results |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that defines relationship of objects or individuals within biological, economic, or physical systems |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that one event is the cause and another is the effect |
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Term
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Definition
| Tendency of a system to envolve and to change its structure; constructive, system-enhancing behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| The tendency of a system to retain its organization or to maintain the status quo |
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Definition
| Emergence of organizational patterns |
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Definition
| The assertion that a system is a separate entity greater than the sum of its parts. A synergistic effect that occurs in systems |
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Definition
| A family consisting of a father, a mother, and child (or children) |
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Definition
| A system that exchanges matter, energy, or information with its environment |
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Term
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Definition
| A shift in thinking when one conceptual worldview is replaced by another |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a nonlinear, circular sequence of events whereby one event modifies another event, which in turn modifies another event, which eventually modifies the original event |
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Definition
| Boundaries that are nonpermeable whereby communication across subsystems becomes difficult |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle beliefs or doctrine |
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Term
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Definition
| (Structural) A technique for creating new subsystems within a family |
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Term
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Definition
| (Structural) - When two or more family members join forces against one or more family members |
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Term
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Definition
| A defensive pattern in which the two parents shift their focus to one child every time a problem arises between them that they are unable to handle |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundaries that successfully enclose a subsystem but are impermeable to outside information (Aka rigid) |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundaries in which there is little autonomy between individuals and other subsytems (diffuse aka fusion) |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique in which a therapist temporarily sides with a specific individual or family subsystem to induce change |
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Term
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Definition
| Approaches to therapy that maintain a focus on the present rather than the past and on solving the presenting problem as quickly as possible |
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Term
| Compliance-based directive |
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Definition
| Directives that therapists expect clients will follow |
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Term
| Conceptual Map (Strategic) |
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Definition
| A mental model that represents how an individual perceives reality and by which and individual is guided |
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Term
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Definition
| A scientific discipline interested in the interrelationship btween stability and change |
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Term
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Definition
| A communication in which an individual is given two mutuall exclusive messages by another person in which any reponse will inevitably result in a faiulre to please |
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Term
| Incongruent Hierarchy (strategic) |
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Definition
| A term used to describe families in which family members do not behave in age or role appropriate ways in relation to one another |
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Term
| Interaction stage (Strategic) |
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Definition
| The 3rd stage of the initial session in which strategic therapists ask family members to discuss their various points of view about the problem so that they can observe how the family interacts regarding the problem |
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Term
| Interactive view of problems (Strategic) |
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Definition
| The belief that problems are maintained by the repetitive negative interchanges of family members |
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Term
| Negotiate and contract (strategic) |
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Definition
| Therapist helps clients to reach a satisfactory agreement regarding specific goals or changes in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Relative influence each family member has in relation to other family members |
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Term
| Prescribing a symbolic act (strategic) |
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Definition
| a type of directive in which the therapist asks a family member to do something that represents the symptom |
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Term
| Prescribing the symptom (strategic) |
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Definition
| A strategy in which the therapist asks the client to have the symptom which forces the client to rebel against the prescription or to obey, thus putting the client more in control of the symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of therapy usually accredited to Sigmund Freud in which the patient's past and unconscious inner life is the focus of treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of viewing a family system used by some strategic therapists who think about how a symptom might be protective(P) of someone in the fmaily, who is involved in maintaing the problem (U), what behavior patterns are involved in maintaining the problem (S), and what is the power structure of the family (H). |
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Term
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Definition
| A theoretical framework that suggests individuals in a system affect and are affected by one another and cannot be understood without understanding the interrelationships |
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Term
| Therapeutic Maneuverability |
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Definition
| A technique in which therapists maintain their ability to take action |
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Term
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Definition
| A dimension of differentiation of self that allows a person to have a self separate from others |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximal level of differentiation of self that one achieves. Remains fairly constant over time, with minor fluctuations |
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Term
| Destructive Entitlement (contextual) |
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Definition
| entitlements that are "paid back" in destructive ways to self and others. Attempts to get what one is due in negative and destructive ways |
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Term
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Definition
| Moving away from trustworthy relatedness. Unbalanced ledger of debts and entitlements in a family |
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Term
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Definition
| Different from arrogance! It is what one is actually due either from acts of credit or from being part of a fair and trustworthy relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| (Philosophy) The idea that humans experience life and a sense of existing as humans; (Contextual) Refers to the experience of existing in relationship with others and in relation to others |
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Term
| Family Projection Process (Bowen) |
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Definition
| Process by which unresolved lack of differentiation of parents is passed on to the children. Typically, one child is spared the triangling process & becomes more differentiated than the parents; and one child, who is triangled, becomes less differentiated and more likely to develop symptoms |
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Term
| Individual Psychology (contextual) |
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Definition
| One of the four dimensions of ethical relatedness. Refers to the way that one processes info within oneself. This may include such things as intelligence, personality, and predispositions |
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Term
| Invisible Loyalty (contextual) |
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Definition
| Nagy's term for unconscious commitments that children take on to help their families to the detriment of their own well-being |
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Term
| Loyalty framing (contextual) |
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Definition
| A therapeutic technique of describing a behavior in a new way that places it in the positive light, as being a way that the client attempts to live out a legacy or loyalty |
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Term
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Definition
| The clinical stance whereby therapists are accountable to everyone whose well-being is potentially affected by their interventions. Everyone in therapy should feel that the therapist understands and "sides" with them. Therapists also take into account others who are affected by the therapy, especially children and future generations. |
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Term
| Multigenerational Transmission Process |
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Definition
| Over time, as one branch of a family tree produces more and more differentiated individuals, other branches produce less and less differentiated individuals. It takes many generations (four to ten) to produce someone with symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| The self that fluctuates according to levels of stress in intimate & emotional situations. More likely to be less differentiated in highly emotional or stressful situations. |
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Term
| Revolving slate (contextual) |
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Definition
| the process by which entitlement is "paid back" through destructive actions, either to self or to others |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethically invalid attempts at solving life's problems that prevent the development of autonomy and trustworthy relationships |
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