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Definition
| Organelles that contain digestive enzymes, digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles and engulfed viruses or bacteria. |
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| Eukaryotic membrane-bound organelles that transform energy stored in food molecules into ATP; has a highly folded inner membrane that produces energy-storing molecules. |
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| Nonmembrane-bound organelles in the nucleus wheere enzymes and other proteins are assembled. |
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| Membrane-bound fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm of plant cells used for the temporary storage of materials. |
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| Diffussion of water across a selectively permeable membrane depending on the concentration of solutes on either side of the membrane. |
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| Energy-expanding process by which cells transport materials across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient. |
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| Phase of mitosis where the centromeres split and the chromatid pairs of each chromosomes are pulled apart by microtubules |
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| In animal cells, a pair of small cylindrical structure composed of microtubules that duplicate during interphase and move to opposite ends of the cell during prophase. |
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| Cell structure that carry the genetic material that is copied and passed from generation to generation of cells. |
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| Cell growth phase where a cell increases in size, carries on metabolism and duplicates chromosomes prior to division |
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| Short, second phase of mitosis where doubled chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle and chromatid are attached by centromers to a separate spindle fiber. |
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| A period of nuclear cell division in which two daughter cells are formed, each contain a complete set of chromosomes. |
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| First and largest phase of mitosis where chromatin coil into visable chromosomes. |
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| Final phase of mitosis during which new cells prepare for their own independent existance. |
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Term
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| Energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups; Energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells. |
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| Chemical reactions that require the presence of oxygen. |
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| Anaerobic process where cells convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol carried out by many bacteria and fungi such as yeast. |
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| Chemical reactions that do not require the presence of oxygen. |
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| Type of cell division where one body cell produces four gametes each containing half the number of chromosome as a parent body cell. |
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| Observed trait of an organism that masks the recessive form of a trait. |
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Definition
| Trait of an organism that can be masked by the dominant form of a trait. |
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Definition
| Outward appearance of an organism regardless of its genes. |
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Definition
| Combination of genes in an organism. |
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Definition
| Diploid cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains DNA center of an atom membrane-bound orgaelle. |
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