Term
| The need for a common currency of exchange led to the rise of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some of the agricultural advances of the later Middle Ages were..(3 reasons?) |
|
Definition
| people were able to plow, switch fields of crops, and were able to quickly produce more crops |
|
|
Term
| What were some of the positive effects of the crusades? |
|
Definition
| end to monarchy and feudalism begining; italy was able to survive the economical crisis, trade, technological advances |
|
|
Term
| During the Renaissance the wealth of _ stemmed from its location because it was a main trade route between Asia and Europe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the doctrine of predestination? who started it? |
|
Definition
| Started by John Calvin; stated that God determines the fate of every person |
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther criticized the sale of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the four ways the Renaissance was spread throughout Europe? |
|
Definition
| war, trade, cultural reawakening |
|
|
Term
| Ties between the Catholic Church and England were weakened _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was a wealthy banking family in Florence that supported the city's cultural growth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Literature written in the vernacular appealed to what group of people? |
|
Definition
| Common people/every day people that traded using money/artisitc |
|
|
Term
| Why was finance and banking important during the Renaissance? |
|
Definition
| helped people manage and save their money and was the first forms of banking at the time |
|
|
Term
| What is the "Renaissance man"? What is it now known as? and name example |
|
Definition
| now known to be smoeone that is good at many things; Leonardo Da Vinci was a famous painter while he worked also on astronomy, mathematics and anatomy, |
|
|
Term
| What things did the movement known as 'humanism ' promote? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gutenberg facilitated the spread of Renaissance ideas by doing what? |
|
Definition
| created the first printing press which made it fasted and cheaper to publish books and made it possible for the Bible to be printed for everyone |
|
|
Term
| The Renaissance began in the city states of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mixture of Greek and Middle Eastern culture that formed during and after Alexander is called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Alexandrian author of The Elements of Geometry was _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors contributed to Macedonia's conquest of Greece? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek was done by Jewish scholars in _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Italian Peninsula located? |
|
Definition
| at the center of the Mediterranean Sea, in Europe |
|
|
Term
| Between 1500 BC and 500 BC early Rome was influenced by what group of people? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 494 BC plebeians got more of a voice in the government of Rome by doing what? |
|
Definition
| they would not agree to fight in the army until the patricians yielded to their demands for change |
|
|
Term
| Who rebuilt Rome, was a great patron of arts, brought many reforms, and began the Pax Romana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early Rome was divided into two main social classes. What were they? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe what happened in Rome during the Pax Romana? |
|
Definition
| 200 years of peace, ecomnomic properity & decrease in soldiers |
|
|
Term
| In 49 BC, Julius Caesar began a civil war by doing what? |
|
Definition
| he did not listen to what the senate told him to do and he crossed the RUBICON RIVER |
|
|
Term
| The Punic Wars were fought between _ and _ |
|
Definition
| Rome & Carthage (264 BC to 141 BC) |
|
|
Term
| Why were the Punic Wars important? |
|
Definition
| control of trade in the mediterranean |
|
|
Term
| How did Christians create Roman opposition? |
|
Definition
| not accepting emperor as God & not fighting |
|
|
Term
| Christianity was adopted as the official religion of the Roman Empire by whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first emperor of Rome took the title _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the rule of Rome by dictators (its emperors) |
|
Definition
Augustus ceaser- 4 good emperors
trajan- brought empire to its height
marcus- height of economy prosperity |
|
|
Term
| Where were creation myths found? |
|
Definition
| early civilization; vary from place to place |
|
|
Term
| What is radiocarbon dating? |
|
Definition
| used by archaeologists to estimate the age of a bone or other material that contains carbon |
|
|
Term
| A people's way of life, included diet, religious beliefs, artists achievements, and language is called their _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first farmers have been traced back to what period? |
|
Definition
| New Stone age- neolithic age (8000 - 4000 years ago) |
|
|
Term
| Name the four valleys of early civilization. |
|
Definition
| Indus Valley, Nile River, Tigris & Euphrates, Huang He (fertile crescent) |
|
|
Term
| What civilizations settled the Indus River Valley? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which belief or philosophy was responsible for the caste system in India? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The system of trade that involved exchanging goods for other goods is called the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| From 500 BC to 336 BC many Greek city-states were ruled by a small group of wealthy people. Such political systems are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the legendary blind poet who wrote two epic poems was named _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the earliest greek plays tended to be _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| explain why the period from 461 bc to 429 bc is called the golden age of athens |
|
Definition
| it was at its height in everything they had wealth, power, and advances in studies such as literature and art(greek achievements) |
|
|
Term
| the architecture of the Parthenon is an example of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list five achievements of ancient Greece |
|
Definition
| democracy, arts, plays, science & math |
|
|
Term
| Why did Plato prefer the Spartan govt to the Athenian govt? |
|
Definition
| gave more importance to state than individuals |
|
|
Term
| Describe the Socratic method of teaching? |
|
Definition
| pointed ?'s without giving answer |
|
|
Term
| The code of conduct still practiced by modern doctors was developed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Persian invasion of Greece ended when Darius I was defeated at _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Athens was defeated during the Peloponnesian War by an alliance led by the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the living conditions in Greece after the Peloponnesian war. |
|
Definition
| harsh and many towns had been demolished and they were swarmed with a severe plague that killed one third of the population |
|
|
Term
| The Macedonian king who had conquered most of Greece by 338 BC was _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List five accomplishments of Alexander the Great. |
|
Definition
| conquers entire Persian empire, made Babylon the capital of his empire, founded 70 cities that served as military outposts and centers for cultural diffusion; he was tutored by aristotle |
|
|
Term
| To irrigate their crops, Egyptian farmers relied on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the contributions of the ancient Egyptians. |
|
Definition
| hieroglyphics, stone sculpture, pyramids, geometrical designs, architecture, engineering, solar calender |
|
|
Term
| the region known as the Fertile Crescent includes parts of present-day _ |
|
Definition
| Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Syria , and Iraq |
|
|
Term
| Why can most Chinese trace their ancestors back thousands of years? |
|
Definition
| They were isolated and had very little cultural diffusion |
|
|
Term
| The first Israelites settled in which area of the Middle East? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hellenic traditions and stories were recorded in epic poems composed by _ |
|
Definition
| the Greeks (such as Homer, who wrote the two most famous Greek epics) |
|
|
Term
| The Minoans did not need to build walls around their cities because _ |
|
Definition
| they were high up on the mountains (cliffs) |
|
|
Term
| List four aspects of the Mycenaeans. |
|
Definition
| Indo- European, invaded Balkan peninsula, conqured minoans, dorians invaded, chief goddess was a woman |
|
|
Term
| Two Aegean civilizations that preceded the Greeks were the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Farmers on the Greek mainland could concentrate on growing export crops because _ |
|
Definition
| they had colonies & imported things they needed |
|
|
Term
| Ancient Greece included a group of islands and what water areas? |
|
Definition
| Aegean Sea + Aegean Islands |
|
|
Term
| Despite Greece's mild climate, transportation and communication were difficult because _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ruler of the gods and goddesses on Mount Olympus was _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first historian to try and separate fact from legend was _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the major focus for Spartan society? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The world's first democracy was birthed in the city-state of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Words such as police and politics derive from the Greek word polis, meaning _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Draco's code of law was considered an improvement, Explain why,. |
|
Definition
| specific laws + punishments; severe crimes. ; penalties given to offenders were extremely harsh ; even minor offenses were punishable by death |
|
|
Term
| the official language of the Roman Empire was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what date do historians give as the date for the fall of Roman Empire? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List the reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire |
|
Definition
| dictorial govt was inefficient and corrupt; transportation & communication was difficult which made it difficult to rule from central govt.; unemployment of plebeians; barbaric tribes; cities declided ppl moved to rural areas |
|
|
Term
| What was the time of the Pax Romana ? |
|
Definition
| 27 BC- 180 Bc (200 years of Roman Peace) |
|
|
Term
| In the Roman family, the absolute head of the household was the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _ brought the Roman Empire to the height of its economic prosperity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Bedouin believed in "an eye for an eye" for what reason? |
|
Definition
| to keep their dignity but it was their form of law; believers in retaliation |
|
|
Term
| The holiest city of Islam is _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first followers of Muhammad were called _. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The holy writings of Muhammad are found in which book? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During Ramadan, Muslims are expected to do what?? |
|
Definition
| Fast from sunrise to sunset (they could neither eat nor drink but work as usual) ; women, travelers, and the sick are exempt from fasting. |
|
|
Term
| All muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After Muhammad's death the Arab Muslims were successful in spreading Islam. Explain. |
|
Definition
| The Rightly Guided Caliphs sought to protect and spread it. Military forces carried islam beyond the arabian peninsula. waged war and won; had the entire Persian Empire under Muslim Control |
|
|
Term
| Who led the Battle at Tours, France which stopped the Muslim invasion into Europe in 732 AD |
|
Definition
| Charles the hammer martel |
|
|
Term
| describe the byzantine empire. tell when it ended. |
|
Definition
| it was the eastern kingdom of the roman empire ; ad 700 |
|
|
Term
| the culture of the byzantine empire was based chiefly upon the civilization of _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the byzantine empire indirectly helped western europe out of the dark ages in what ways ? |
|
Definition
| protected them from invasion by muslims and asked for help for the crusades (call for crusades) |
|
|
Term
| near-total authority within a manor was held by the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| william the conqueror earned his title by doing what? |
|
Definition
| by defeating harold godwinson, the king chosen by the anglo-saxon nobles at the battle of hastings |
|
|
Term
| the strongest Germanic group to emerge during the AD 400s was the _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the behavior of the knights was governed by a code of honor called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feudalism began to take hold in Europe in what years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the denial of basic church teachings is called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the magna carta so important? |
|
Definition
| it sets the limits on the amount of power that a king has |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| political form of government at the time of the medieval times. lords were ranked the highest, and had peasants that worked for them |
|
|
Term
| explain why the self-sufficiency of the manor was important during the feudal era. |
|
Definition
| land was given to nobles in exchange for loyralty and military aid ; |
|
|
Term
| list the frankish kings ; which of the following was not a frankish king? clovis, pepin, charlemagne, charles martel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| law spread equally throughout the land |
|
|
Term
| the only institution to survive the fall of the Roman Empire was _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the accomplishments of charlemagne |
|
Definition
| doubled the borders of his kingdom; became known as the frankish empire; wanted to revive learning; school was ran by Alcuin ; |
|
|
Term
| Jews in the middle ages were forced to do what? |
|
Definition
| forced to wear something to show they were jews and they were forced to live in ghettos |
|
|
Term
| describe the political system of feudalism |
|
Definition
| land was given to lords to ensure loyalty; |
|
|
Term
| who was in the middle class? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| list the three beliefs of buddhism |
|
Definition
| 1. we all suffer bc of our desires. 2. all stop our suffering by eliminating desires. 3. follow eightfold path (know truth, respect life, work for the good of others, freee their minds of evil, control their thoughts, and practice meditation) |
|
|
Term
| in the middle ages, why did the middle class develop? |
|
Definition
| bc they controlled trade , were craftsmen, and did not have a place in feudalism |
|
|
Term
| list four effects the vikings had on western europe |
|
Definition
| isolated communities, trade went down, authority severed, and the economy collapsed |
|
|
Term
| one of the first events that moved w europe towards the joining of the church and state was what? |
|
Definition
| the crowning of pepin + charlemagne by pop and that the frnanks were teh first to accept christianity |
|
|
Term
| in the emerging french monarchy, the power was held by whom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the crusades were for what reasons ? |
|
Definition
| fought to get the holy land back from the muslims |
|
|
Term
| list the reasons the peasants wanted to join the crusades |
|
Definition
| for peasants the crusade meant freedom from feudal bonds while on the crusade; all were promised immediate salvation in heaven if they were killed freeing the holy land from non christians |
|
|
Term
| the first crusade was led by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| craft guild members who received pay but were not allowed to open their own shops were called _ |
|
Definition
|
|
