Term
| Pauli extension principle |
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Definition
| no more than two electrons per orbital and must have opposite spin |
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Definition
| electrons will fill empty orbitals before pairing |
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Definition
| Electrons in the inner shell that don't participate in chemical bonding |
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Definition
| outer most electrons, participate in chemical bonding |
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Definition
| a Bond with a positive atom and negative atom based on their charged ions: typically a bond between a metal and a nonmetal |
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Definition
| shared electron bond, happens with electron close together on the periodic table |
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Definition
| electrons shared equally by bonding electrons, little electronegativity difference |
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Definition
| bond between electrons with great electronegativity difference |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sp3, 109.5 bond angles, lone pairs count as hybridizing orbitals |
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Definition
| compounds made of only C and H |
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Definition
| hydrocarbons with only single bonds |
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Definition
| different compounds with the same chemical formula |
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Definition
| compounds with same molecular formula but differ in the order in which the atoms are connected |
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Definition
| groups that branch off the main hydrocarbon |
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Definition
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Definition
| unsaturated, CnH2n, larger rings more stable because less angle strain |
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Definition
| higher in energy, exist at 0, 120, 240 degrees, so on |
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Definition
| lower in energy, exist at 60, 180, 300 degrees, so on |
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Definition
| the repulsion between the electron clouds of two close, but unbonded atoms |
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Definition
straight up and down, less stable, minor
leaning out up and down away from the rings, more stable, major |
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Term
chair conformation
boat conformation |
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Definition
more stable cyclohexane
less stable cyclohexane |
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Term
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Definition
| axial to equatorial and vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| equatorial, 180 degrees apart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| objects that have nonsuperimposable mirror images, said to be chrial, ex hands |
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Term
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Definition
| object has a superimposable mirror image ex chair |
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Term
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Definition
| non-superimposable mirror images, like hands, have same physical propertimes, rotate light differently |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
chiral objects are
Achiral objects are |
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Definition
optically active
optically inactive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Counterclockwise rotation (-) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mixtures containing equal amounts of each enantiomer |
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Term
| Number of enantiomers with two chiral centers |
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Definition
| 2^n ex 2^2= 4 steriomerisomers |
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Term
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Definition
| Stereoisomers which are not mirror images |
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Term
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Definition
| are achiral but have chiral centers, all are optically inactive, have and internal plane of symmetry |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydro carbon with halogens attached, carbon halogen bond is polar. |
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Term
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Definition
| the main organic molecule on which your experimenting in |
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Term
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Definition
| One step, the breaking of the halogen group and bonding of the nucleophile happens in one step called bimolecular reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| Have on pair of lone electrons, most have negative charge |
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Term
| Nucleophilic strength based on..... |
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Definition
| charge, electronegativity, sterics, solvent effects, strong bases= better nucleophile |
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Term
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Definition
| capable of hydrogen bonding, very polar, ex: water alcohols amines (R-NH2), decrease effectiveness of small nucleophiles forms protective cases around it |
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Term
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Definition
| are effective on smaller nucleophiles because its unsolvated |
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Term
| Nu strength in protic solvents |
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Definition
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Term
| Nu strength in aprotic solvents |
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Definition
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