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| "Great Charter" of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English noble at Runnymeade, 1215 |
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| political and social system. nobles offer land/protection for service |
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| plague. 38 million died. severe economic decline |
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| Charles the Great. King of Frankish kingdom, expanded territory |
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| Military expeditions by European Christians |
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| rebirth of classical greek and roman literature, art, and philosophy |
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| Where the Renaissance began |
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| Italy- Florence, Milan, Venice |
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| painter/sculptor/architect of Renaissance. Sistine Chapel in Rome |
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| realist. painter. Mona Lisa |
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| Machiavelli and "The Prince" |
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| Appear to have good qualities, don't need them |
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| Lorenzo "the Magnificent" Medici |
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| Dominated Florence, cultural center of Italy. Godson of Cosimo |
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| Those who study humanism. intellectual movement of studying humanities |
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| made by Johann Gutenburg. 1455. increased learning. |
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| Italian city-state economic center of Renaissance |
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| Why competition powered the economic boom of the Renaissance |
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| Made people perfect their trade |
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| Characteristics of Renaissance art |
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| religious and non-religious. Idealized/perfect. movement. nude and clothed. expression. nature, real life. Symmetric perspective |
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| Complaints of Martin Luther about the Catholic Church posted on the doors |
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| Wrote 95 Theses. Started Protestant Reformation |
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| Known for several wives. Started English Reformation |
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| Abuses of the Catholic Church |
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| Disobey chasity vows, political interest, relics, selling of indulgences and positions, lack of education, clergy |
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| King Henry VIII broke from Catholic church. Church of England |
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| Sent expeditions to West African coast |
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| First to sail around Africa to India |
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| to travel around the world |
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| landed in Philippine Islands |
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| sailed to Americas while looking for Western route to Indies. GGG |
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| Disease brought from Europe. Killed millions of Natives, helping Spanish defeat them. |
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| reasons for exploring. money, spreading religion, and fame |
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| trading. type of economy. item for item |
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| trade between Europe, Africa, and Americas. E-Af goods E-Am slaves Am-E raw goods Af-E slaves |
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| America is named after him. took several voyages and wrote letters about them. |
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| Triangular sail made during Renaissance |
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| 1494. splits territory for Spain and Portugal. Spain got everything to West, Portugal East |
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Import- to bring in to the country
Export- to take out of the country |
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| Credited for conquering Incas |
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| Right to use Native Americans as laborers |
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| First permanent English settlement |
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| absolute authority of state |
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| Army of the Spanish. Unsuccessful |
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| King Louis XIV the "Sun King" |
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| Absolutist. strongest army. Sun gives life to everything, Louis XIV believed he did that |
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| Louis's place to send his court for amusement |
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| First used by Ivan IV. Means Ceasar |
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| Empire in 1500s. High power |
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| Austria and Prussia (significance as German states) |
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| Philosophers during the Enlightenment |
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| Social contract. Life, liberty, property |
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| Checks and balances. Parts of government check each other. |
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| Invisible hand. Wealth of Nations. Father of Capitalism |
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| individual business contributing to economy |
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| let people do what they want |
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| belief in supreme being that's unknowable. God= divine clock maker |
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| Philosophical movement in Europe, rationlism, intellectual freedom, and freedom from prejudicee |
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| truth can be arrived by reason or rational thinking |
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| Rights of everyone. self-evident |
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| Enlightenment's impact on US |
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| many philosophe ideas used in Dec. of Ind. |
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| Enlightenment and liberation women |
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| Social, political, and cultural gatherings |
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| Universe revolves around Sun |
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| Universe revolves around Earth |
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| Heliocentric theory. said to be start of Sci. Rev. |
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| Saw Jupiter's moons using his remake of telescope |
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| Both contributed to making of Scientific Method. Descarte- "I think, therefore I am" means he thinks so he exists |
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| Method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses |
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| Laws of Motion and the Laws of Gravity |
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| All objects attract each other by gravity |
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| 360 degrees. Change in thinking. Overthrow of government |
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