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| a series of wars where the Spanish Christians succeeded in evicting Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula |
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| The Aztec capital full of huge temples decorated in gold eventually conquered by Hernan Cortes. |
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| aka the Five Nations, an alliance made by the Iroquois of northern New York which strengthened them against other Indians and the French |
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| Leader of the powerful Powhatan tribe who instead of submitting to the English, tried to get the English to submit to him. |
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| A follower of Reverend John Cotton that challenged the Puritan doctrine of "preparation." She was put on trial for slandering the ministry and banned from Massachusetts bay. |
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| An economic theory whose goal was to strengthen the state by making the economy serve its interests. Each nation's objective was to secure the majority of the world's wealth. In the colonies, their goods and materials benefited the new nation alone. |
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| An insurrection led by wealthy Nathaniel Bacon. After struggles with Indians on the middle ground, Bacon declared war on all Indians, innocent or not. The frontier Indians were now dispersed and land was free for settlement. |
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| New England's deadliest Indian war. King Philip aka Metacom, leader of the Wampanoags, attacked a Plymouth village and colonists retaliated. Colonists won after the Mohawks helped them out. 4000 Indians died. |
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| A revolt against King James II who attempted to re-instate Catholicism in England. Protestants, William and Mary, came to the throne. Parliament(the people) had all the power. |
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| A leading Christian preacher of the Great Awakening. Drew amazingly large crowds of all backgrounds. Spoke out against religous authority. |
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| A series of religious revivals between 1734-1745. There was a fine line between authority being challenged and supported. Told people to look inside themselves for change and not to society. Took colonial society towards individualism. |
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| aka French and Indian War; fought between Britain and France over North American colonies. The British won. Began with Austria trying to regain control of Silesia from Prussia. The Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763. |
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| A British leader during the French and Indian War that gained them many victories but also a heavy debt. |
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| The War of 1763. Began when British cut off presents to Indians. Named after Ottawa chief, Indians seized European forts and casualties were high on both sides. |
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| After Pontiac's Rebellion, this attempted to confine the colonists to east of an imaginary line along the Alleghenies. Failed when Lord Dunmore's war killed Indians and ended their claims to Kentucky. |
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| The first direct tax on the American people. Taxed court documents, diplomas, bonds, deeds, cards, newspapers, etc. Eventually repealed. |
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| The culmination of months of scuffling between young men and soldiers in Boston. An army officer was pelted with snowballs from a crowd which led to soldiers firing on the crowd. Crispus Attucks, 47 yr old free black man was killed. This led to the British withdrawing their troops from Boston. |
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| A way to make Brits feel like they had power even when they didn't choose their own representatives. Parliament acted on behalf of the entire empire. |
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| A way of life that refused centralized power and a national army. Required an individual display virtue by living for the good of the republic. Promoted independence, ie. landowning. |
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| Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) |
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To punish Massachusetts and Boston for the Tea Party.
- Port of Boston closed until East India Company repaid for dumped tea.
- King to appoint Mass. Council; town meetings to require written permission of governor; governor will appoint judges and sheriffs, and sheriffs will select juries.
- Governor can send officials and soldiers accused of capital crimes back to Britain for their trials.
- Troops may be quartered in private homes.
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| English radical. Published pamphlet "Common Sense" in 1776. Promoted American independence. |
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| First vice president of the US. He was a delegate of the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777 and one of only two presidents whose signature appears on the Declaration of Independence. Adams also participated in negotiating the 1783 Treaty of Paris that ended the American Revolution. |
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| In Western Massachusetts, farmers led by Revolutionary War captain Daniel Shays shut down the courts to prevent them from collecting debts. Attempt to force the government to alleviate their economic distress. |
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| Resolution of the conflict between the large and small states. Each state would have an equal number of senators: satisfying the small states. The number of representatives would be based on either population or wealth: satisfying the large states. |
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| The most notorious provision in the Constitution. Representation in the House would be based on the entire free population (not Indians) and three-fifths of the slaves to give the South more representation. |
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| Helped establish the Constitution and worked on for the adoption of the Bill of Rights. Wanted a peaceful, orderly government. |
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| Opponents of the Constitution. Believed in homogenous communities. Commited to individual rights; fear of centralized power and taxes. |
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| Series of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay published anonymously to influence the ratifcation of the Constitution debate. |
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| A set of amendments ten to the Constitution concerning the rights of the people, selected by James Madison. ex. First Amendment, Freedom of Speech. |
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