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| Indian chieftain, Pocahontas’ father. |
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| A solider and statesman who helped found Georgia. Interested in prison reform. Helped save “the Charity colony” with his own money. |
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| Quaker, founded a colony in the back country of Pennsylvania and Maryland, it promised better relations between Indians and whites. |
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| popular Salem minster, had lots of radical ideas, was an extreme separatist, wanted to break away from the Church of England. Found him guilty of disseminating “newe and dangerous ideas” (1635) and was banished. |
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| Forerunner of the modern corporation, let investors called “adventurers” supply their needs. |
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| Important document in American history. Guaranteed the overseas settlers the same rights they would have had in England. |
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| Off of the James River (King James I) May 24, 1607 100 English settlers… settled. |
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| 1661 denied practically every right to slaves and gave their owners complete power. |
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| English religious reformers undertaking a total purification of English Christianity. |
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| Signed by the pilgrim leaders before the Mayflower left, it was an agreement to make a simple government and to make everyone agree to it. |
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| The belief that holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved shouldn’t bother to obey the law of either God or man. |
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| a remarkable group of dissenters. (England 1600’s) Officially known as: Religious Society of Friends. Offensive to all authorities (religious and civil). Refused to support the church of England with taxes. |
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| 1634 founded the fourth English colony for money and to create a refuge for Catholics (Maryland), from a very English catholic family |
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| Money given to people from the king to go to america and attempt to create a civilization. |
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| Virginia’s Governor, had friendly policies towards Indians, refused to retaliate against Bacon, finally hung more than 20 of Bacon’s followers. |
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| 1676 (29-year-old planter) led a revolt, took matters into their own hands and torched Jamestown, eventually died of disease. |
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| Traded their souls to a master for a ticket across the transatlantic passage and eventually “freedom dues”; a few barrels of corn, a suit of clothes and small piece of land. Equivalent to an apprenticeship. |
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| The biggest rebellion, started when Nathaniel Bacon didn’t like what gov. Berkeley was doing with the Indians so he decided to do something about it himself. |
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| A new formula for church membership. Modified the agreement between the church and the participants. Sacrificed “elect” and strict religious purity for wider religious participation. |
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| led logically to democracy in political government. |
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| deepest theological mind in America. Believing in salvation through good works and affirmed, the needs for complete dependence on God's grace. |
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| aimed to end NAmerican trade with the French W Indies. Went around the act by bribing and smuggling. |
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| rousing religious revival. 1730-40's (Northampton, MA) started by J. Edwards. |
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| Lead Britian. Known as “great commoner” believed in a lot. Louisbourg, then Quebec, chose Wolfe to help him. |
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| 60-year old officer, sent to VA. Sent out in 1755 to capture Fort Duquesne. Braddock lost- and eventually died. |
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| Ottawa chief 1763 led several tribes. Captured Detroit in spring of 1763, got all British posts west of Appalachians. Died in 1769. |
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| French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) |
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| a 7 seas war, conflicts between the British and French. British won. Created unity between colonists and Britain until Britain made the colonists pay for war debts. Ended by the treaty of paris. |
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| prohibited settlements in the area beyond the Appalachians, designed to work out the Indian problem and prevent another eruption like pontiacs’. Colonists were angered. |
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| good leader and revolutionist, was in the first continental congress. Selected to lead the army in Boston (already wealthy but never risen above colonel in militia till the revolution) |
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| known as "the First American", was an American statesman. He was a very important person in the American Revolution and in making the 13 colonies one nation |
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| Future President, defended the soldiers after the manslaughter. Responsible for peace with France, Avoided the hazards of war, but also without knowing smoothed the path for the peaceful purchase of Louisiana 3yrs after |
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| "No taxation without representation" |
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| the cry of the colonists after Grenville instated the Stamp and Sugar Acts. Led the Americans to consider their own political independence. Basically helped lead to the revolution. |
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| nonimportation, nonexportation, nonconsumption |
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| Groups of colonial protestors-- took the law into their own hands and would organize groups of rebellious people. (tar and feather) scared the stampers. |
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| 7 weeks, sep 5- oct16 (1774). Consultative body, not a congress. Created a few very important papers (ex. Declaration of Rights) |
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| (1767) a tax payable at the ports on white lead, paint, glass, tea.. failed to produce revenue. |
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| March 5th, 1770. British officials clubbed in the head and then open fired on the colonists. 11 left dead. Only 2 Brits were accused of manslaughter but others = released (John Adams defended soldiers) |
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| mandated the certification of the payment of tax on paper goods etc. |
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| (12/16/1773) 342 chests smashed and poured into the Boston Harbor to repel the Townshend Taxes. Mass Gov. Tom Hutchinson fled to Britain. |
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| (1765) required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops. |
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| patriots: American rebels –opposition fractions in Britain. |
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| took away many of the chartered rights of colonial Mass. |
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| met in Philly (May 10, 1775) all 13 colonies were represented (raise money, army and navy) + appointed George Washington. Adopted “Olive Branch Petition” |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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formally approved by congress July 4th, 1776. Written by Thomas Jefferson, included taxes w/o consent, burning houses etc…
“Worlds greatest editorial” |
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| member of the British army. Colonists loyal to the king, dominant political fraction. (tragic figures) |
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| Brits formally recognizing independence of US. And granted generous boundaries. Made Canadians angry. |
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| (1776) One of the most influential pamphlets. Thomas Paine = author. (120,000 copies sold = best seller) Why should the Brits control us? |
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| foreign soldiers, Germans that were employed by the British. |
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| tried to convince her husband John Adams that women should be able to vote and he thought she was kidding. |
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| an advocate of the super-powerful central government. Secretary of Treasury in Washington’s cabinet. |
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| political leader, “father of the constitution” |
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| group of states with central gov’t but independent internally |
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| veteran of the revolution, led Shay’s Rebellion (w. Mass. 1786) tried enforcing their demands so they wouldn’t lose their land- took over the courts. |
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| system is regulated so the power is not in individuals or groups. |
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| final decisions of the convention |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| a landmark in the government, provided a loose confederation (“firm league of friendship”) 13 states joined together to deal with common problems. |
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| a body of people formally casting votes for the election |
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| counted slaves as 3/5ths of a person for the population. |
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| Organized and led the Democratic-Republicans |
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| Jay’s Treaty- unpopular pact gave strength to the newborn Democratic-Republican part of Thomas Jefferson. |
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| Sent by Jefferson in spring 1804 (explore the N part of the Louisiana Purchase) |
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| doctrine- legislative and executive actions are subject to review and invalidate by judiciary. |
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| got to NYC 1798 everyone said he was a hero for his loyalty and stuff chief justice, one of his most famous decisions was concerning md v. m. declared the bank constitutional by invoking the Hamiltonian doctrine of implied powers. Molding father of the constitution. |
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| (1794) John Jay (chief justice)- wanted to avoid war with Britain. Included british promise (1. Evacuate outposts on U.S. soil, pay damages for American vessels seized) in exchange for (U.S. repay pre-rev war debts and aid brits in trading policies towards france. |
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| refusing to accept laws or acts |
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| (1791) First ten amendments of the U.S. constitution. |
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| Proponents of 1787 Constitution. Favored strong nat’l govt. arguing that checks & balances in new Constitution would safeguard people’s liberties. |
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| (1794) Uprising of whiskey distillers in PA opposed to tax on whiskey. |
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| Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions |
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| (1798-1799) secretly written statements by Jefferson and Madison for legs of KT and VA. Said that the states were the final judges of whether the gov’t goes beyond its boundaries and they could nullify the legislation that they deemed unconstitutional. |
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| (1797) fight between France and U.S. when U.S. was asked to pay a bribe for the privilage of meeting with the French foreign ministry. |
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| Gives prez power to deport dangerous foreigners during peace and deport or imprison during hostilities |
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| Sedition Act: anyone who held back the policies of the gov’t or falsely insulted its officials (or prez) could be fined or imprisoned |
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| Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over federalists. |
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| Louisiana Purchase Treaty |
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| (1803) France getting Louisiana territory |
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| (1803) Supreme Court case established principle of “judicial review.” |
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| 1816, the last presidential candidate for the Federalists. Only candidate reelected after a period of financial panic has begun. |
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| Son of John Adams; headed a group of angry people in Ghent. (Early-rising, puritanical) |
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| placed in command in 1814, force = 7k sailors, regulars, pirates and Frenchmen. Became a national hero after the quick defeat. |
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| southern politician and nationalist, 7th vice president |
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| expounding father of the constitution. Alum of Dartmouth College. |
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| one of the things that America had fought. Forcing someone to be in the army or navy. |
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| The spirit of nation-consciousness or national oneness. Recognized in many areas, school textbooks, finance, manufacturing, paintings, and books. |
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| happy phase, used to describe the administrations of Monroe. There was tranquility and prosperity but it was a troubled time. |
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| Missiouri joining the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Also created the border across the United States. |
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| (1796) GW’s address at end of his presidency. |
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| hay’s Rebellion (w. Mass. 1786) tried enforcing their demands so they wouldn’t lose their land- took over the courts. |
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| president of the Bank of the United States, held a huge amount of power over nation’s financial affairs. |
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| statesman, politician, solider (VA), gov of Texas (Houston named after him) took part in War of 1812. |
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| a bunch of clerks, shopkeepers and people ran into the White House and started destroying stuff and threatening people. |
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| last of the old style elections (1824) Jackson got the short end of the stick. |
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| forced relocation and movement of Indian tribes. |
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| Bank of the United States |
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| president = Biddle. “moneyed monster” minted gold and silver but had no paper money, paper was printed by private banks |
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| protectionist tariff, passed as a reduced tariff of the tariff of 1828. |
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| (novelist) put the emotional power of abolition into her story Uncle Tom’s Cabin. |
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| (26) (1831) abolitionist, published The Liberator fired one of the opening barrages of the Civil War. |
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| former slave, one of the greatest abolitionists and a self-educated orator. |
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| financially instable, shaped the lives of women |
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| huge agricultural factory, quick profits, bountiful with high rewards, more land, more slaves, more land, more slaves |
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| referring to the south and how slavery was wrong. |
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| written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, capturing the emotional power of abolition and slavery into the plot of this story. |
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| vice president to Henry Harrison, successor as president |
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| speaker of the House and gov of Tennessee |
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| proposed the amendment that mexico territory should stay slave free |
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| military officer and explorer, first republican candidate |
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| part of texas we fought over and stuff |
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| proposed Nebraska= Nebraska and Kansas |
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| conductor of the Underground Railroad |
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| spirit stimulated by the victory in the Mexican war. |
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| morally opposed to slavery |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo |
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| would have banned slavery in any territory taken from mexico |
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| Rights you automatically receive when you're born in the country |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| Held in Philly to address the problems of the country, the british and what to include in the constitution |
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| Normal, Every day, hardworking, self-sufficient farmer. |
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| general who fights against the mexicans and later becomes the president |
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