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| the process by which indivduals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms or a given society and learn to function as a member of that society. |
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| the indiviual identity of a person as percieved by that same person. |
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| one's sense of agency, action or power. |
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| the self as percieved as an object by the "I"; as the self as one imagines others percieve one. |
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| someone or something outside of oneself |
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| An internalized sense of the total expectations of others in a variety of settings-- regardless of whether we've encountered those people or places before. |
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| The process by which one's sense of social values, beliefs, and norms are reengineered, often deliberately through an intense social process that may take place in a total institution. |
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| An institution in which one is totally immersed and that controls all the basics of day-to-day life; no barriers exist between the usual spheres of daily life and all activity occurs in the same place and under the same single authority |
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| A recognizable social position that an individual occupies |
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| The duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status. |
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| the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status. |
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| the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses |
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| all the statuses one holds simultaneously. |
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| a status into which one is born; involuntary status |
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| a status into which one enters; voluntary status |
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| sets of behavioral norms assumed to accompany one's status as male or female |
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| a micro-level theory in which share meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions |
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| the view of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical stages, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets. |
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| The esteem in which an individual is held by others |
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| literally "the methods of the people", this approach to studying human interaction focuses on the ways in which we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order. |
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| member of a triad who attempts to resolve conflict between the two other actors in the group |
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| the new third member of a triad who benefits from conflict between the other two members of the group |
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| a member of a triad who intentionally drives a wedge between the othe two actors in the group. |
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| a group characterized by face-to-face interaction, a unifocal perspective, lack of formal arrangements, and a certain level of equality |
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| a group that is similar to a small group, but multifocal. |
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| a group characterized by the presence of a formal structure that mediates interaction and, consequently, status differentiation |
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| social groups, such as family or friends, composed of intimate face-to-face relationships that strongly influence the attitudes and ideals of those involved |
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| groups marked by impersonal, instrumental relationships (those existing as a means to an end) |
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| a group that helps us to understand or make sense of our position in society relative to other groups. |
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| a set of relations-- essentially, a set of dyads-- held together by ties between individuals. |
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| a set of stories that explains our relationship to the other members of our network. |
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| another term for the majority |
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| another term for the minority |
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| the sum of stories contained in a set of ties |
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| the degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network |
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| the notion that often relatively weak ties turn out to be quite valuable because they yield new information |
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| a gap between network clusters, or even two individuals, if those individuals (or clusters) have complentary resources. |
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| any relationship between people that can facilitate the actions of others. |
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| any social network that is defined by a common purpose and has a boundary between its membership and the rest of the social world. |
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| the shared beliefs and behaviors within a social group; often used interchangeably with corporate culture. |
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| the ways in which power and authority are distributed within an organization. |
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| a constraining process that forces one organization to resemble others that face the same set of environmental conditions |
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| any transgression of socially established norms. |
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| informal violations of social norms |
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| the violation of laws enacted by society |
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| marriage from within one's social group |
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| marriage from outside one's social group. |
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| the practice of having only one partner or spouse. |
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| the practice of having more than one partner or spouse at a time |
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| the practice of having multiple husbands simultaneously, |
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| the practice of having multiple wives simultaneously |
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| familal form consisting of a father, mother, and their biological children. |
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| familial networks that extend outside or beyond the home. |
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| living together in an intimate relationship without formal legal or religious sanctioning |
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| strings of relationships between people related by blood |
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| the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and childrearing |
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| women's responsility for housework and child care-- everything from cooking dinner, doing laundry, bathing children, reading bedtime stories, and sewing Halloween costumes. |
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| money sent by immigrants to their families in their countries of orgin. |
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| legally recognized unions explicitly intended to offer similar state-provided legal rights and benefits as marriage. |
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| legally recognized unions that guarantee only select rights to same-sex couples |
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| the techinal term for multiracial marriage, literally meaning " a mixing of kinds"; it is politically and historically charged-- sociologists generally prefer exogamy and outmarriage. |
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| the process through which academic social and cultural ideas and tools, both general and specific are developed. |
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| the inability to read or write well enough to be functioning in society |
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| having insufficient mathematical skills to function in society. |
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| knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable |
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| knowledge and skills that make someone more productive and bankable |
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| the nonacademic socialization and training that takes place in the school system. |
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| any relationship between people that can facilitate the actions of others |
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a way of dividing students into different classes by ability or future plans. |
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| Pygmalion effect or self-fulfilling prophecy |
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process that occurs when behavior is modified to meet preexisting expectations. |
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| teaching methods supported by extensive research |
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| an overemphasis on credentials for signaling social status or qualifications for a job. |
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| a set of policies that grant preferential treatment to a number of particular subgroups within the population--typically, women and historically disadvantaged racial minorities. |
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| social class or socioeconomic status |
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| an individual's position in a stratified social order. |
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| cultural and social class resources that people inherit and use to their advantage in various situations |
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| occurs when members of a negatively stereotyped group are placed in a situation where they fear they may confirm those stereotypes |
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