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| Greek hero from the Trojan War and a central character in the Illiad. |
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| Figure prominent in the founding myth of Athens. Dual father with Poseidon of Theseus. Means Goat-Man. |
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| why something is; like in Greek stories how they try to explain things like fire and where it came from and why. |
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| King of Argos who was murdered in the bathtub by his wife. |
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| Conflict of characters in a classic Greek drama; also means contest for a prize |
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| Agamemnon's cousin and Clytemnestra's lover who participated in the plot to murder Agamemnon. |
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| King of the Phaeacians; offers Odysseus xenia and safe passage to Ithaca |
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| palace from Eleusinian Mysteries where only the hierophantes could enter |
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| Odysseus' mother who died of grief from his being gone so long; seen as shade in underworld |
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| The most arrogant of Penelope's suitors; leads the charge to have Telemachus killed; first suitor slain |
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| goddess of love, sex, and beauty |
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| God of music, archery, poetry, dance, and carer of herds and flocks. |
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| wife of Alkinoos, king of the Phaecians |
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| manly excellence; strength and valor on the battlefield |
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| a warrior's prowess; when a hero has his or her finest moments; the slaying of the suitors is an aristeia |
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| Apollo's sister; Goddess of the hunt |
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| virgin goddess of wisdom, fertility, the useful arts and prudent warfare |
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| one of the best known treasuries of ancient Greece; located in Delphi; |
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| father of Agamemnon and Menelaus; he boiled Aegisthus' brothers and fed them to Aegisthus' father |
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| port where the Greek navy rallied before setting off against Troy |
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| ancient Greek official; can be translated to mean chieftain |
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| Agamemnon's slave/concubine; agreed to sleep with Apollo, but reneged so she got the gift of prophecy but the curse of no one believing her. |
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| the primal emptiness, space |
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| sea monster from the Odyssey; daughter of Poseidon and Gaia; creates huge whirlpools |
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| Greek chorus which provided commentary on the action of the play; they were minor actors in Greek plays |
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| beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus's crew into swine when he lands on her island Aiaia (Aeaea) |
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| movement from chaos to order; birth of cosmos |
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| Legendary Athenian inventor and craftsman; he built the labyrinth to house the minotaur |
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| Island where Apollo and Artemis were born |
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| ancient Greek city at the foot of a mountain; this is where the most famous oracle lived; |
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| The goddess of agriculture |
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| the personification of moral justice |
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| celebrations for Dionysus; sang choral odes and drank |
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| The daughter of Agamemnon and Klytemnestra |
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| An annual celebration in memory of the abduction and return of Persephone and in honor and Demeter and Bacchus; the actual rites were shrouded in mystery and only initiates were allowed to participate in the more sacred of the ceremonies. |
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| site of the temple of Demeter where the Eleusinian Mysteries originated. |
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| a collection of Ancient Greek epic poems that related the story of the Trojan War |
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| also called Homeric simile; it is a detailed comparison in the form of a metaphor that is many lines in length |
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| literally means After-Thought; Prometheus warned him to be suspicious of gifts from Zeus but Epimetheus could not resist the god-made woman, Pandora, when she was offered to him by Zeus and, by accepting her, unwittingly unleashed all the evils upon the world |
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| poetic tribute to a victor; upon a victory |
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| The goddess of Discord or Strife |
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| advanced state of understanding |
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| Odysseus' servant; she is the first to recognize Odysseus when he returns |
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| he is the second suitor to die; he is manipulative and has some influence over the other suitors |
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| The ancient Greek goddess of Earth. |
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| Lord of the dead, king of the underworld |
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| a German archaeologist and excavator of Troy |
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| The wife of the last king of Troy, Priam; the mother of Hektor |
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| The Far-Darter; an earth goddess associated with sorcery, hounds and crossroads. |
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| he was the supreme commander of the Trojan allies during the siege of Troy; son of King Priam |
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| Wife of Menelaus and queen of Sparta. Helen's abduction from Sparta by the Trojans sparked the Trojan War. |
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| The Sun; the son of the Titans, Hyperion and Theia. |
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| The Smith of the Immortals; made Achilles Trojan War armor |
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| the mythological patriarch of the Hellenes; he was a man not a girl |
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| wife of Zeus; the queen of the Immortals |
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| The Herald and Messenger of the Gods; prince of thieves |
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| A priestess at the temple of Aphrodite |
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| Greek goddess of the household |
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| priests; translation is literally revealers of sacred things. |
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| temple marriage or sacred union |
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| mother of Atreus and grandmother of Agamemnon |
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| like mindedness which is what Penelope and Odysseus have |
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| actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws |
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| Homer's epic about the fall of Troy |
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| The daughter of Agamemnon which was sacrificed to Artemis |
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| The beggar who taunted Odysseus at the prompting of the suitors of Penelope |
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| The sea nymph who detained Odysseus on the island of Ogygia |
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| renown or glory which Greek heroes strive for |
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| wife of Agamemnon who murdered him |
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| celebrations held in towns or villages with processions and songs |
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| A name for Persephone in Attika as the personification of Virginity; literally, The Daughter, |
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| One of the Titans; father of Zeus; overthrown by Zeus |
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| symbolic barley drink could have been hallucinogenic |
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| wife of the king of Sparta, Tyndareus; mother of Helen |
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| not yet deciphered system of writing from Minoan sites at Crete and other Greek islands |
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| An ancient system of writing representing a very early form of Greek; deciphered Michael Ventris |
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| Helen's husband and Agamemnon's brother; King of Sparta during the Trojan War |
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| Athena disguised herself as Mentes when she convinced Telemachus to look for Odysseus; captain of the Taphians |
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| The loyal advisor and companion of Odysseus. Educated Telemachus while Odysseus was at war. |
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| feminine cunning; Macguyver like |
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| WW2 codebreaker who decoded linear B |
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| King of Crete at the palace Knossos; Odysseus sees him in the Underworld |
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| Eleusinian Mysteries initiates |
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| beautiful daughter of King Alcinous who finds Odysseus and has a crush on him |
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| King of Pylos and former warrior in Trojan War; Telemachus goes to him to get information on Odysseus whereabouts |
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| Greek word for homecoming; Nostoi are the collection of homecoming stories |
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| the site of the Temple of Zeus and the Olympian games |
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| The six children of Kronos (Cronos) and Rheia (Rhea); |
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| stone at the city of Delphi that covered the Navel of the World |
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| part of the Greek theater in front of the skene and para skene; literally means dancing space |
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| Agamemnon's son who avenges his death |
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| the Heavens; first-born of Gaia and in all ways her equal |
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| the first woman; her name means All-Endowed;unleashed all the evil in the world |
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| temple to deity; theater; stadium; treasures |
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| the porch off of the skene where the actors acted |
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| son of king Priam who kidnapped Helen starting Trojan War |
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| the wife of king Minos who gave birth to the minotaur |
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| means too prevail; put golden necklaces around pandora's neck |
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Definition
| to persuade or try to persuade |
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| husband of Thetis and father of Akhilleus (Achilles) |
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| Hippodamia's husband and grandfather of Agamemnon |
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| Odysseus' wife and Telemachus father |
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| daughter of Zeus and Demeter and the bride of Hades; taken by Hades to the underworld against her will |
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| titan who was said to "surpass all in wisdom" |
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| masculine centered and influenced |
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| Greek poet who wrote in an elaborate form with a metrical structure that was common with odes and verse |
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| cyclops son of poseidon who was blinded by Odysseus and his men in the Odyssey |
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| King of Troy and Paris' father |
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| he defied Zeus and gave fire to humans so he was chained to a mountain |
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| Hermes role of taking souls to the underworld |
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Definition
| priestesses of Apollo at Delphi who would sit atop tripods and render the prophecies of Apollo |
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| ancient name for Delphi; means to rot |
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| large dragon who guarded the chasm at Delphi until killed by Apollo |
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| one of the Titans; wife of Kronos and Zeus' mom |
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Definition
| remove the individual from normal social life on the path to adulthood |
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| when the person on the path to adulthood transitions to adulthood |
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| when the new adult is reintegrated to society |
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| the other sea monster across from Charbydis at the strait Odysseus had to cross; had many heads with razor sharp teeth |
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| Siphnian Treasury was a dedicated building to the Greek polis, or city-state, of Delphi |
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| British archaeologist most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete |
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| Sea nymphs who are part woman and part bird; their singing is irresistible and causes sailors to go to them and crash on the rocks |
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| part of Greek theater where the background was |
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| polygonal wall where the names of freed slaves and victor athletes were carved |
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| son of Zeus and the father of Pelops and Niobe |
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| first four books of the Odyssey telling the story of Telemachus |
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Definition
| great hall in Eleusis, Telesterion was one of the primary centers of the Eleusinian Mysteries |
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| where the audience of a Greek tragedy sat to view the performance |
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| the goddess of law and order |
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| Athenian hero who fought and killed the Minotaur |
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| the wife of Peleus and the mother of Akhilleus (Achilles) |
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| Aigisthos father who was fed his own kids by Atreus |
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| the children of Ouranos (the Heavens) and Gaia (Earth) |
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| means goat; root of the word tragedy which means goat song |
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| mortal man who was the favorite of Demeter; he invented the plow and was the patron of agriculture; |
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| king of Sparta and husband of Leda; Clymenestra's father |
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| son of Hera; a snake bodied monster associated with storms; the creature Apollo killed when he establishing shrine at Delphi |
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| statues paid for by the fines of cheating athletes |
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| Pentheus mother; Bacchae; mutilated son |
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| normal followers of Dionysis |
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| the women filled with Bacchus. crazy drunk |
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| female bird monsters; befoul everything |
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| garment woven for statue of Athena in Athens |
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| what happened to Pentheus; ritualistic dismemberment |
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| cursed to roll rock up hill only to have it fall back down for eternity |
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| hundredhanded beings from the Theogony; helped Zeus |
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| One of a Hellenic people believed to have inhabited the Peloponnesus and to have created the Mycenaean civilization |
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| sea between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey |
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| shield of athena/zeus with medusa's head on it |
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| one of the heroes of Troy key in the founding of Rome |
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Definition
| a moment of recognition becoming aware of the real situation |
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| daughter of Oedipus; sentenced to death by Creon for burying her brother; killed herself |
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| daughter of king Minos; helped Theseus beat minotaur |
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| God of medicine and healing |
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| held a ceremony every 4 years rivaling the Olympics; a procession would place a pelops on Athena's statue |
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| geographic region in southeastern Greece that surrounds the city of Athens |
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| daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia; sister of Agave; was there when Pentheus was slain |
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| cult of female worshippers of Dionysus |
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| father of Autonoe and Agave |
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| prophet who told Agamemnon he must sacrifice his daughter or the fleet couldn't leave for troy |
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Definition
| one of the twin sons of Zeus and Leda |
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| snake-like being who was thought to be the first king of Athens |
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| ferocious multiheaded watchdog of the underworld |
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| child of Nyx; the personification of Misery |
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| fire breathing she-beast with three heads: a lion, a snake and a goat |
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| Jokasta's brother; ruler of Thebes who sentenced Antigone to death |
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| group of Greek islands in the southern Aegean Sea which circle Delos |
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Definition
| island in the northwestern corner of the Mediterranean Sea |
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| son of Prometheus who survived the flood by Zeus |
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Definition
| a character or plot device at the end out of the blue that saves the day |
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Definition
| description of a work of art; means out speak or speak out |
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Definition
| companion of Odysseus on his voyage home to the island of Ithaka; fell off a roof and died appeared as shade in the underworld |
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Definition
| abode of the blessed dead; where heroic and virtuous souls rest |
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| an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens |
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Definition
| mythical king of Attika (Attica); his name literally means, The Render |
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| Erechtheus grandfather; mythical king of Athens said to be born of the soil. a result of an attempted rape on Athena |
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Definition
| another name for the Euminedes; they are called the furies. winged women of fierceness |
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Definition
| The god of Love; one of the original four Immortals. |
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Definition
| oldest son of Oedipus and Jocasta |
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Definition
| the study of the history/roots of words and how they changed over time |
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| Another name for the Erinyes, Greek deities of vengeance |
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Definition
| abducted by Zeus as a bull and taken to Crete where she became it's first queen |
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Definition
| wife of Kreon who killed herself after learning her son killed himself |
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Definition
| abducted by Zeus and made the cup bearer of the Immortals becoming immortal himself |
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Definition
| the three hideous daughters of Phorkys with snakes writhing from their heads, wrists and waists |
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Definition
| Graces are the attendants of Aphrodite; they are the incarnation of Grace and Charm; |
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Definition
| son Kreon and Eurydike who was in love with Antigone and killed himself when she killed herself |
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Definition
| error in judgment or unwitting mistake in a tragedy; like how Oedipus tries to prevent the incestuous relationship and murder of his father and instead causes it |
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| The ultimate hero; the son of Zeus and the mortal, Alkmene |
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Definition
| statues with a head on top of a squared lower section; were made for protection |
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| A collection of poems dedicated to the various Greek Immortals. |
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Definition
| son of Daedalus who died when he flew too close to the son during an escape causing his wings to melt |
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Definition
| the daughter of Kadmus and Harmonia; the sister of Agave and Autonoe. |
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Definition
| ancient region on the western coast of Asia Minor which included the adjacent islands in the Aegean Sea |
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Definition
| one of the unfortunate daughters of king Oedipus of the city of Thebes |
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Definition
| son of Aineias (Aeneas) and Kreusa (Creusa); he was also called Askanius |
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Definition
| wife of Laius and wife/mother of Oedipus |
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Definition
| Oedipus father who was killed by Oedipus; Jocasta's husband. |
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Definition
| were dramatic festivals in Athens and Ionia to Dionysis |
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Definition
| consort of Zeus; mother of Apollo and Artemis; |
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Definition
| Gorgon who was mortal but anyone who gazed upon her face was turned to stone |
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Definition
| square spaces between the triglyphs of a Doric frieze, either plain or adorned with carved work; from the Greek word Metope, i.e. meta = between and ope = opening |
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Definition
| opposite of sacred, polluted; means you are defiles and cannot participate in sacred rituals |
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Definition
| The Fates; Goddesses who determine human fate; three daughters of Zeus and Themis |
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Definition
| nine daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; the goddesses of all the creative arts |
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Definition
| The son of Akhilleus(Achilles); he killed the Trojan king, Priam |
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Definition
| general term for maidens who occupy rivers, springs, mountains, etc; the name nymph literally means Bride |
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Definition
| unfortunate King of Thebes who was cursed; he killed his dad then married his mom Jocasta; then he had kids by that union |
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Definition
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Definition
| a trilogy written by the Aeskhylus (Aeschylus); Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and the Eumenides |
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Definition
| The Goat-God; the king of the mountains; the protector of shepherds and flocks who lives in the forests and byways; had goat legs and horns; he played a pipe called a syrinx |
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Definition
| an ancient religious festival in Athens in the honor of the patron of the city, Athena |
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Definition
| a set of all the gods of a particular or mythology; can also refer to a temple or sacred building explicitly dedicated to "all deities", avoiding the difficulty of giving an exhaustive list |
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Definition
| a temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis; the most important surviving building of Classical Greece |
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Definition
| "Virgin", an epithet of the goddess Athena |
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Definition
| an Ancient Greek military war, fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League, led by Sparta |
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| Another name for the Peloponnesian Peninsula |
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| was a king of Thebes; son of Echion and Agave |
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| a reversal of circumstances, or turning point |
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| Odysseus was washed ashore in the land of the Phaiakians; they gave him gifts and passage back to Ithaca |
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| He and his brother, Kastor (Castor), were called the Dioskuri (Dioscuri); the twin sons of Zeus and Leda and the brothers of Helen, Klytemnestra (Clytemnestra) and Phoibe (Phoebe). |
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| youngest son of king Oedipus and Jocasta; he was refuse proper burial leading to the events in Antigone |
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| a Latin word meanining "first in time or order; the first, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first man, first person" |
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| The gateway to the Akropolis (Acropolis) at Athens. |
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| the daughter of Demeter and Zeus; the wife of Hades and queen of the Underworld |
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| wife of Deucalion; she and Deucalion survived the flood that Zeus sent to destroy the human race; threw stones to repopulate earth |
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| a lighthearted joking tragedy played at the end of a tragic play |
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| One of a class of woodland deities who were attendant on Bakkhus (Bacchus); represented as part human, part horse and sometimes part goat; noted for their riotousness and lasciviousness. |
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| daughter of Kadmus (Cadmus) and Harmonia; the mother, by Zeus, of Dionysus; she was mortal but after the birth of Dionysus she became immortal; the sister of Ino, Agaue, Polydorus and Autonoe; |
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| monster which was usually represented as having the head and breast of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of an eagle; Oedipus correctly answered her riddle so she killed herself thus lifting the curse from Thebes |
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| the combination of different forms of belief or practice; like how the Romans adopted Greek Gods |
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| process of bringing many settlements together into a political unity |
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| blind prophet who prophesized Oedipus being the problem, Antigone's whole plot, and he helped Odysseus in the Odyssey |
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| Odysseus' and Penelope's son; when his father returned home after a twenty year absence, Telemachos helped him kill the suitors of Penelope |
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| giant fennel covered with ivy vines and leaves;associated with Dionysus and his followers, the Satyrs and Maenads |
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| fell in love with Eos (Dawn) and when she asked Zeus if Tithonos could be made immortal she forgot to ask for his eternal youth; when he became old and feeble, Eos locked him in a private room and closed the shining doors forever |
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| chief priest at the Eleusinian Mysteries; combination of ta hiera, "the holy," and phainein, "to show" |
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