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| The era before the invention of writing. Dating of the prehistoric era varies geographically |
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| A technology for storing, manipulating, and communicating data. It was invented independently in three places: in Sumer in the Near East around 3100 B.C., around 1500 B.C. in China, and around 500-300 B.C. in Mesoamerica. |
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| Living people, societies, and cultures |
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| Physical or Biological Anthropology |
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| Human biology and the fossil record of homo-sapiens |
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| A method of studying the past. The study of ancient things that are the byproducts of human activities |
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| Physical manifestation of culture in the form of artifacts, features. and sites |
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| A cavity formed by cutting, digging, or scooping to find artifacts and/or ecofacts |
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| Any object or material made or used by a human in the past |
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| Remains of animals or plants that result from human activities but were not intentionally modified |
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| An artifact that cannot be moved such as a house, foundation, pyramid, or hearth |
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| An accumulation of artifacts, features, ecofacts, and/or human skeletal remains tht represent places where people lived, died, or carried out certain activites in the past |
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| Petrified remains of a once living organism |
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| Deposits of prehistoric garbage |
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| The proximity of an archaeological artifact or feature to other artifacts or features in the same matrix |
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| The relationship between an artifact and it setting |
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| Layering of soil or rock deposits |
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| The deepest levels are the oldest |
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| The science determining the relative order of past events, without necessarily determining their absolute age |
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Stone age: 2.5 MYA-5000bp
Bronze age: 5000bp-3200bp
Iron age: 3200bp-present |
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| The old stone age (primitave stone tools) |
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| The new stone age (stone tools were more complex) |
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| 2.0 million-12,000 years ago |
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| Using remaining carbon in objects to tell how old it is (recent times) |
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| A more exact dating method then the radiocarbon dating using the amount of potassium and argon to date how old something is |
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| In the struggle for survival, those organisms most well adapted to prevailing conditions will pass on their superior characteristics to succeeding generations with more frequency |
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| Adjusting to new enviromental circumstances |
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| The bodily attribute of being able to move on two feet |
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| 2.5-1.8 MYA period marked by Oldowon tools and flakes |
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| 1.8 million-300,000 years ago, this era was marked by the Acheulean tools like the handaxe |
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| This is a more complex type of stone work where they struck sharp flakes off of a prepared core |
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| Flint flakes created by Homo neaderthalensis from 300,000 years to 30,000 years bp |
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| Upper Paleolithic (revolution) |
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| Extensive use of stone blades- which are flakes that are at least twice as long as they are wide. Manufacture of objects from a wider variety of raw materials including bone, ivory, and wood. A great increase in the number of tools used to make other tools including burins (delicate chisels), borers (drills), needles (clothing), and scrapers. A great increase in hunting weapons like spears, javelins, harpoons, clubs, stone missiles, throwing sticks, and probably bow and arrows. long-distance trade. |
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2 million-12,000 years ago: marked by a series of cold periods (glacials) and warmer periods (interglacials)
Effects of Pleistocene glaciation: vast expanses of glacial ice which were barriers to human colonization, but water levels were lower so current islands were not islands during the pleistocene era. |
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| The last "ice age" (20,000 years ago) |
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Homo habilis had very limited speaking abilities
-Larynx descending |
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| Early social organization |
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| Homo habilis, goups started to stick together. |
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| Scopes was accused of teaching evolution in class. He won the trial. |
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| Kitzmiller vs. Dover school district |
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| Kitzmiller was accused of teaching the creation myth. He was fired. |
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| There are two isotopes: 16O and 18O, 16O tends to get obsorbed into glaciers. The concentration of 18O in the bones of sea animals will tell you how long ago it was alive. (bones stop absorbing 18O once dead) |
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| Hypothesis made by Raymond Dart and it states that Australopithecines hunted and killed animals and ate their flesh |
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| Hypothesis is by C. K. Brain and it states that humans would scavenge leftover food from the remains of big carnivorous mammals |
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