Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Light
2. sky, terrestrial waters
3. dry land, plants
4. luminaries
5. sea life, sky life
6. land animals, humans
7. divine rest |
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Term
| creation 1 literary device |
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Definition
chiasm- cross between days 2 and 5 brings things together
shows that world is ordered and structured
7- holy semitic number
inclusio- begins and ends with same phrase |
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Term
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Definition
water exists first
related vocabulary
creation by getting a name (divine fiat)
sequence
order from chaos
same political circumstances |
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Term
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Definition
cosmos as a result of violence
tells creation of gods
savage/violent nature of humanity
polytheism
Tiamut is a part of nature vs. God's transcendence
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Term
| humans special place in genesis 1 |
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Definition
best for last
image of god
god speaks to humans
gives different genders
humans are "very good"
longest description
no natural context
only one human species
dominion over all the earth
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Term
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Definition
attributed to J
anthropomorphic
etieology for labor, snake, bad soil
fertile earth from desert like beginning |
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Term
| tree of knowledge of good and bad |
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Definition
eating the fruit- become like god with potential to know more
become mortal
immortality and procreation wouldn't work |
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Term
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Definition
etiology for sin and murder
break relationship with god=bad relationships with humans
conflict between farmer and herder
humans reject God when they can't understand him and seek to prevail over neighbors
god favors abel over older brother cain |
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Term
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Definition
| innate, individual, intention is important |
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Definition
demon external to humans
choose to invite in or ignore it
liminal area
sin is not intrinsic |
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Definition
| built by murder=negative connotation |
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Definition
7th generation
civilized arts are product of human creativity
not handed down by gods
gift to have the ability to do these things |
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Term
| tree of knowledge message |
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Definition
humans, not god, are responsible for human sinfulness
human disobedience has cosmic dimensions
sin is ultimately profitless |
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Term
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Definition
helper= expert
best for last
more sensitive, more human |
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Term
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Definition
so they won't eat from the tree of life
blur distinction between creature and creator |
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Term
| compare two creation stories |
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Definition
water vs. dry
order vs. no time frame
distant god vs. intimate god
transcendent vs. immanent
man last vs. man first |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| problems with cain and abel story |
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Definition
why doesn't god know where abel is?
who are the other people that might kill cain?
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Term
| problems with flood story |
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Definition
where did all that water come from
all species couldn't fit on boat
mt. ararat is highest mountain that can be seen from flood plains |
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Term
| similarities with gilgamesh |
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Definition
| divine decision, actual flood, all life wiped out, boat lands on mountain, send out bird, build altar, blessing on surviving character |
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Term
| differences with gilgamesh |
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Definition
no dimension of morality in gilgamesh
gods get angry vs. concerned god who wants reform
very anthropomorphic |
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Term
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Definition
moral perversion that corrupted natural order and made god sorry he created human kind which led to flood
parented Nephilim- creatures of gigantic stature |
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Term
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Definition
promise to flood world
inclination to sin, still maintain life
life is sacred
etiology of rainbow
"be fruitful and multiple" like adam |
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Term
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Definition
sons of noah
ham- africa/egypt
shem- semitic mesopotamia (Abraham)
japeth- greek island
70 names represent all of humanity
eponym- ancenstor of region or people (all related to each other)
account for diversity of people and languages |
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Term
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Definition
satire of temple tower in babylon
etiology for multiple cultures and languages
refusal of divine will by not spreading out so god confuses languages
attempt to create security outside of god
social/political- resistance to centralization of power b/c of fear of oppression in Israel |
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Term
| relationship between creature and creator in genesis |
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Definition
creator has purpose and will for creation, calls creature to faithful obedience, not abandoned, ont tyrannical, loves and respects creation, freedom of creation is taken seriously
Creation can choose how to respond to creator |
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Term
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Definition
books making up Hebrew Bible/OT. The Greek word kanon means
measuring rod. The Hebrew Bible has this meaning because it is the
standard of which the ancient peoples beliefs and practices were
measured
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Term
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Definition
the process by which the canon was put together. Some
books were threatened such as the book of Esther (didn’t have word God
in it); Ruth (favoritism toward women); Song of Solomon b/c of sexual
content. Books were considered based upon a few things
1.Date written- books that were created after the exilic period or
after the prophet Malachi were not considered authoritative b/c it was
thought that the Holy Spirit left the ppl. After Malachi the prophet
2.The language with which it was written
3.If the book has already been established as authoritative or stood
the test of time
Think-Why the need for the canon--- the rise of Christianity was seen
as a threat to Judaism in the 1st century AD which necessitated or
spurred the need for a canon. At the end of the 1st Jewish Revolt from
66-73 AD (66 Rome takes Judea/ AD 70 Emperor Titus desecrates the
Temple) or end of 1st century AD there were discussions in Jamnia
about what should be considered authoritative or not. What was to be
in the canon was somewhat already decided informally by the Jewish
community. It was only formally decided upon (the canonocity of texts)
at Jamnia. (note 24 books in Jewish Bible; 39 in Christian --- some
Christian books are combined). (jamnia c. AD 90)
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Term
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Definition
torah, nevi'im (prophets), ketuvim (miscellaneous)
ToNaK (hebrew bible) |
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Term
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Definition
"to come forth"
teaching/revelation, contains legal material imbedded in narrative, moral code, not really "law" |
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Term
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Definition
prophets
1. former prophets- more historic, characters designated as prophets, Judges, Joshua, simplistic world view, obedience to god
2. latter prophets- prophetic names
a. major- big books
b. minor- smaller books |
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Term
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Definition
writings, miscellaneous, newest part
short books, compilations, historical |
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Term
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Definition
no vowels, chapters, verses
didn't exist until pronounced out loud |
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Term
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Definition
(LXX) in Greek
rearranged order of books, adopted by christians
first translation |
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Term
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Definition
translation into latin (4th century ad)
by jerome
negative view of women |
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Term
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Definition
as literal as possible (motivated by authoritative idea), free-idomatic English-convey same meaning to make it more comprehensible, "as literal as possible, as free as necessary
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Term
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Definition
| try to produce same effect on modern audience as on ancient audience |
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Term
| problems with Moses's authorship of pentetauch |
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Definition
| some of the narrative is about moses, takes place before moses existed, chronological references that moses wouldn't have known about (philistines) |
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Term
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Definition
| contradicts reality, Greek thinking (abstract thought) led to a decline |
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Term
| other problems with the pentetauch |
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Definition
| text problems (weird numbers), repetition, discrepancies (order of creation, god's name) |
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Term
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Definition
| monarchy, loose federation of tribes before monarchy, 10 northern tribes after civil war |
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Term
| renaissance effect on biblical scholarship |
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Definition
| reject allegory, use reasoning and logic, reformation- freedom for individual interpretation, bible is more complex than face value, not science |
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Term
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Definition
| read in order to draw meaning from a text |
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Term
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Definition
| made up word, interpreter reads something into the text that isn't actually there |
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Term
| historical biblical criticism |
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Definition
| modern biblical criticism, 1750s, historical, social, religious setting, authors, purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| exact form fo the word appears only here in all the biblical text |
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Term
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Definition
| find textual corruption, where errors have crept into the text during transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| write something twice instead of once |
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Term
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Definition
| a syllable, word or line is ommitted because a preated sequence of a letter, word or phrase was copied only once when it should have been written twice |
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Term
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Definition
| section of text is ommitted because copyiest moves from one word to another to end his line |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| objective is to discover written sources behind the tet in the form in which it now exists |
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Term
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Definition
analyze small textual units based on genre or distinctive form
clarify form, function or setting of text
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Term
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Definition
study of editiorial activity
perspectives and intentions of the editor, are they the same as the author? |
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Term
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Definition
| how text was molded and interpreted as scripture |
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Term
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Definition
place text in appropriate social settings
compare social practices to other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| enitre process of change and adaptation of the bible from oral tradition until now |
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Term
| literary or rhetoric criticism |
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Definition
study literary structure and techniques of texts
devices, ie theme, plot, climax... |
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Term
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Definition
| human speech proclaiming a divine messasge, poetic form |
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Term
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Definition
| jewish, treat bible as other literature |
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Term
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Definition
| catholic, literary criticism, pentateuch authors? |
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Term
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Definition
| documentary hypothesis, source theory |
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Term
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Definition
| yahwist,yhwh known from beginning, oldest source, reflects southern tribe (Judah), earth centered, anthropomorphic, 10th century bce, real people, not idealized saints, basic narrative core of genesis, pattern of promise and fulfillment, human lack of trust is compensated by god's trustworthiness, folklore |
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Term
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Definition
| elohim, 8th century BCE, northern tradition, event-centered, saga literature, yhwh not known until burning bush, rationlistic explanations for questionable behavior of patriarchs, angels and dreams for god to reveal himself |
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Term
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Definition
| deuteronomic, moses speaks in first person, sermon, obedience brings blessings, disobedience brings curses, resembles language used by prophets |
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Term
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Definition
| priestly, sacrifices, tabernacles, temple, god is cosmic, chronological detail, ritual origins, help israelites deal with experience of exile, divine order, leave divine details to human imagination, only consecrated priests interact with god |
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Term
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Definition
| pentetauch was written as a whole in post exilic period |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| came to palestine from greece in 1200s bce (Anachronism in genesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| only 2 major harbors, mt. carmel range, farmland further south, lots of land that can't be used for farming because it is really sandy |
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Term
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Definition
| very rugged, little farming, Jezreel valley was important to control, terracing, jerusalem |
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Term
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Definition
| headwaters of jordan river, sea of galilee, cumran |
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Term
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Definition
| not very good for agriculture, Mt. Hermon |
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Definition
| various ethnic groups that inhabitated land before and after formation of isrealite state |
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Term
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Definition
| isreal's neighbor to the north |
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Term
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Definition
| like canaanites, associated with E and the norht |
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Term
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Definition
| Abraham's origns, exile, between tigris and euphrates |
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Term
| problems with biblical chronology |
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Definition
| not consistent with dates, big round numbers, not being used literally |
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Term
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Definition
| patriarchal narrative, parallel with additional examples, supplementary details, aid in reconstruction, common social, economical, and legal practices for near east |
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Term
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Definition
| lived in constant symbiotic relationships with the settled villages and towns |
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Term
| general info about narratives |
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Definition
by J, E, P, hisoricized prose fiction, reflect israel's faith
maximalists- based on history
minimalists- all fiction |
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Term
| devices in patriarchal narratives |
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Definition
| family relationships, geography, points on Abraham's journey, gives significance to certain places |
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Term
| themes in patriarchal narratives |
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Definition
| god will remain faithful to covenant even when humans attempt to play god, god works thorugh characters to bring about the redemption of humanity |
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Term
| support for historical basis of narratives |
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Definition
| ancestors do forbidden things, onomastica (repetoire of names of ancestors) used names that were not popular at time of writing, names our theophoric with El), price of slave is accurate, cuneiform documents have similar social customs, historical memory of adam, important for more than just his family, says they are foreigners |
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Term
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Definition
| propaganda for unity, common ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| begins in Ur of the chaldeans, then to haran and canaan, leave everything behind in mesopotamia, represents change, like in exodus |
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Term
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Definition
| historic ancestor and model of faith, model person and submission to God, ambiguity of faith and doubt |
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Term
| 7 revelations in abraham story |
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Definition
1. leave haran and go to promise land
2. in PL after God shows him the land
3. in PL after separation from Lot
4. covenant
5. 2nd covenant account
6. sodom and gamora
7. akedah |
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Term
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Definition
| human beings manipulate the lives of others because of their perceived status |
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Term
| covenant w/ god as superior |
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Definition
land and descendants (100 years in PL 100 years old when he has isaac)
1. I am yahweh
2. this is what I have done for you
3. this is what I will do for you
4. sometimes recipriocity
5. ceremony and marker
6. blessing and curse which eventually explains exile
"to cut" |
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Term
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Definition
new names = new identities
circumsion right after birth
change |
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Term
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Definition
binding of isaac, human sacrifice was practiced but only in extreme circumstances, laws forbidding it are younger than narratives, similarity between land departure and isaac (people) sacrifice
confidence in god's faithfulness is what human faithfulness is all about |
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Term
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Definition
| isaac can't leave land, first farmer, first born and first to never leave |
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Term
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Definition
| distinctiveness of covenant people could be lost if isaac marries a canaanite |
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Term
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Definition
| house of mother, courtship chapter is longest, gets birthright for her son, to go verb is used a lot for her, second abraham, makes her own decision to go to isaac, not submissive to men |
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Term
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Definition
| rogue who seems to mature throughout the story, reprehensible behavior and poetic justice, not seen as being as righteous as abraham, not old and full of years |
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Term
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Definition
| one who strives with god, 2nd theophany |
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Term
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Definition
| alone, after onset of regional and family strife, renews promise he made to abraham, dream, jacob's ladder |
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Term
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Definition
| more secular, further distance between divine and human, similar egyptian tales,, explains why ancestors are in egypt |
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Definition
| foreigners who took over throne in egypt (Joseph) |
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Term
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Definition
Exposition- introduction of dramatic persona
Complication- Joseph’s power is challenged, family is broken
Digression- Joseph rises to new power
Complication- Joseph challenges power of his brothers
Denouement- by Joseph’s power, reconciliation of the family
Conclusion- from Canaan to Egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| tied to family, not religious institutions, hands on, individual personal relationship with god, connected to go no matter where they are, god is hands on, moral issues=universal standard of correct behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 episode, first person, god is anthropomorphic |
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Term
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Definition
| one episode, first person, anthopormphic |
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Term
| overview abraham and sarah |
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Definition
| divine promise, discrete episodes, messengers and angels |
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Term
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Definition
| more connected episodes, more intermediaries |
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Term
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Definition
| continous story, god doesn't appear directly at all |
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