Term
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Definition
-Relied on own/family strength
-Crime isn't an act against the community
-All consequences were monetary
-Violence is a natural state |
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Term
| Issues with Germanic Society |
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Definition
-Couldn't replicate Roman culture because:
-no sense of state
-justice: go beat up person who wronged you |
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Term
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Definition
-A person that provided leadership during war
-Not very special w/o stressors
-Has to keep a gang around him to demonstrate power
-Couldn't delegate or keep power |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of Christianity during the early Middle Ages? |
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Definition
-Catholic: 1+1+1=1
-Arian:God is greater than Son and Spirit |
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Term
| What is the function of a monastery? |
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Definition
| For the spiritual and physical preservation of religion-like a castle |
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Term
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Definition
1) Helps build & establish monasteries: Monte Cassino
2)Created an organizational structure
3)Added work as a way of connecting with God: Pray, Study, and Work |
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Term
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Definition
| Sends monks to convert Anglo-Saxons in England-Bishipric at Canterbury |
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Term
| People on the Islands vs. Converts |
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Definition
Islands: retain Roman influence, Olympic: u-shaped crown
Converts: Hair like crown |
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Term
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Definition
-Defeats last Roman official in Frankish lands
-Battle of Alamanni takes religious symbols, won, gets baptized
-Uses religion as an excuse |
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Term
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Definition
-tries to reunite the Empire
-worked to reform the administration
-dealt with outside invaders
-wanted to restore the grandeur: lots of building of churches: Hagga Sofia |
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Term
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Definition
-Jesus is fully divine
-Break away from dominant group in Constantinople |
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Term
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Definition
series of books in Eastern World
1) Digest
2) Code
3) Institutes
4) Novels |
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Term
| Why was the name changed to the Byzantine Empire? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Problems w/ Byzantine empire |
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Definition
1) inefficient leadership
2) slavs and persians push borders
3) roman part diminishes
latin no longer official lan.
church centered around Constant
distrusting of new and strange things |
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Term
| What are two special things about the Trade in the Arab Empire? |
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Definition
-camels
-frankincense and myrrh |
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Term
| Commonalities b/w the people of the Early Arab Empire |
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Definition
-Very polytheistic
-halt of war for pilgrimmage to Mecca
-Becomes Ramadan and Hajj-A time for trade and reproduction |
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Term
| What was the advantage of seizures to Mohammed? |
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Definition
| God is communicating with him |
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Term
| What did the society in Medina value that made Mohammed a good leader? |
|
Definition
-Military commanders
-Philosophers |
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Term
| What did Mohammed do after he captured Mecca? |
|
Definition
| went into the Kabbah and destroyed all the religious symbols except for the Black Stone (Abraham) |
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Term
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Definition
-1st leader after Mohammed
-unified core and suppresed revolts |
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Term
|
Definition
-starts Islamic Empire
-expanded quickly and easily: weak neighbors |
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Term
| What happened after Caliph Omar died? |
|
Definition
-Leadership crisis
-Capital is moved to Damascus
-Loosely organized theocracy becomes a centralized state |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of each of the three empires in the early middle ages? |
|
Definition
1) Islamic World: Wealthy, dominate Med.
2)Byzantine World: small but economically viable, internally focused
3) Western Europe: poorly governed and poverty stricken |
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Term
| Characteristics of Growth for Western Europe |
|
Definition
1) Huge abundance of agricultural land
2) Available Resources
3) Trade along coastline
4) New trade routes
5) Church has preserved education, social structure, key pol. group
6) Emergence of new family-Carolingians |
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Term
| What were the negatives of the pope/king relationship? |
|
Definition
1)Pope can "unmake" a king
2) Pope's power is dependent upon making kings
3) Pope is "turning back" on Eastern Christians |
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Term
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Definition
| An image in a fake 3-D, artists unable to do anything in 3-D: idolatry |
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Term
| What occurred under Pope Steven II? |
|
Definition
1) Pippin gives Pope land-pope can create army, protect self
2) Pope give Pippin the title Patriarchus Romanorum
3) Pippin works w/ St. Boniface to establish small churches in rural areas |
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Term
| Who originated the Pope/King power structure? |
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Definition
| Pippin the Short and Pope Zacharias |
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Term
| What is the origination of a tithe? |
|
Definition
| Required tax that goes to the church that paid for the countryside churches |
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Term
| What were the accomplishments of Charlemagne? |
|
Definition
1) Successful in military: Saxons, Muslims
2) Taught self to read
3) Imported scholars to preserve ancient knowledge |
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Term
| What was the monastery Tours famous for? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What was introduced when Charlemagne asked to preserve the knowledge? |
|
Definition
-Translated into Latin
-Lowercase letters |
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Term
| What did the Pope do to thank Charlemagne for pushing back the Lombards and in what year? |
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Definition
| Crowned him Augustus 12/25/800 |
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Term
| What were the counts responsible for? |
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Definition
1) Building necessary fortifications
2) Bringing free men to war
3) Overseeing local courts
4) Collecting tolls and taxes |
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Term
| What did the Treaty of Verdun do? |
|
Definition
Charles the Bald: West
Lothair: Center
Louis the German: East |
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Term
|
Definition
-Boats: Rivers and Oceans
-Settled in Normandy
-Use Russian River System: Dmepier River
-Stimulate development of Russia |
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Term
|
Definition
| seperate Slavs on the Danube |
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Term
| Who took control of all of England? |
|
Definition
| Alfred the Great: originally controlled Wessex |
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Term
| Who replaced the Carolingian family? |
|
Definition
| the Capetians: Hugh Capet |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Beginning of Islamic Calendar |
|
Definition
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Term
| Charlemagne crowned Augustus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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