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Definition
| World widely tested and accepted hypothesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to see very close objects as separate |
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Term
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Definition
Monera: Prokaryotic unicelled, Bacteria and B-G Algae
Protista: All unicellular, can be beneficial and pathogenic (Euglena, Amoeba)
Fungi: Multi-celled except yeast. Eukaryotes. (Mushroom, mold)
Plantae: unicellular algal plants, mostly multicelled, autrophic producers
Animalia: Multicelled, heterotrophic, mobile
F |
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Term
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Definition
| Archaea, Prokara, Eukarya |
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Term
| 11 Characteristics of Life |
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Definition
1. Made up of cells
2. Needs Food
3. Energy, can do work
4. Food Production and Energy Transfer
5. Growth and Development
6. Maintain and Repair
7. Reproduction
8. Levels of Organization
9. Adaptation
10.Genetic Code
11.Response to Stimuli |
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Definition
| Feeds off other organisms |
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Definition
| Plants using light to make glucose |
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Definition
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Definition
| Microbes of decay, bacteria, fungi |
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Definition
| Other decomposer, Earthworm |
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Term
| Process used to cause motion |
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Definition
| Cellular respiration within mitochondria |
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Term
| Formula for cellular respiration |
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Definition
| Glucose+Oxygen+36ADP+36AMP=36ATP+Carbon Dioxide+Water |
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Definition
| All the levels in an energy pyramid |
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Definition
| Each individual level in an energy pyramid |
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Definition
| Series of organisms consuming others in an ecosystem |
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Definition
| Many intersecting food chains |
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Term
| 2 Things that determine growth and development |
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Definition
| Heredity(transmission of traits) and Environment |
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Definition
| Sum of all chemical reactions |
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Definition
| Bigger to smaller (Digestion) |
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Definition
| Smaller to bigger (Protein synthesis) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Reproduction without the sexes |
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Definition
| Reproduction involving the sexes |
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Term
| Order of the levels of organization |
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Definition
| Atoms-Molecules-Organelles-Cells-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism-Population-Community-Ecosystem-Biome-Biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Feature which promotes survival in an environment |
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Definition
| Code responsible for traits |
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Definition
| Study of how organisms interact with each other in their environment(habitat) |
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Term
| List of some Abiotic Factors |
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Definition
| Soil, Air, Water, Sun, Temperature, pH (Acidity/Basicness) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria, B-G Algae, Lichens, and Legumes take atmospheric nitrogen gas and "fix it" into the soil as Ammonia NH3. |
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Term
| What happens to the NH3 Ammonia after it is fixed into the soil? After that? |
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Definition
| It is denitrified by bacteria into No3 Nitrates which plants can use. Plants then die and decompose releasing N2 back into the atmosphere. |
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Definition
| Water vapor condenses into clouds |
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Definition
| Water falls back to earth in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail. |
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Definition
| Water evaporates from the leaves of plants. |
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Definition
| Process where water changes from liquid form to atmospheric gas. |
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Term
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Definition
| CO2 in air is used by plants for photosynthesis, carbon stored in plant tissue, Plants can either respirate the co2 back into the atmosphere or decompose releasing the co2 also into the atmosphere. The plants could also be eaten by animals then the animals respirate the co2 back to the atmosphere. |
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Definition
| Organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world |
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Definition
| Process of gathering info about processes in a careful, orderly way. (Involves senses) |
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Definition
| Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge. |
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Definition
| Proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations. |
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Definition
| Factors that can change in an experiment. |
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Definition
| Deliberately changed variable. |
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Definition
| Observed and changes in response to the manipulated variable. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Science that seeks to understand living world. |
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Definition
| Small, self-contained units found in all living things. |
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Definition
| Signal to which an organism responds. |
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Definition
| Process by which organisms keep internal conditions constant to survive. |
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Definition
| Ability of a group of organisms to change over time. |
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Definition
| Decimal system of measurement whose units are based on certain physical standards and are scaled on multiples of 10. |
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Definition
| Group of cells that develop from an original cell. |
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Definition
| Process to separate the different cell parts. |
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Definition
| Group of organisms that are similar and can produce fertile offspring. |
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Definition
| Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area. |
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Definition
| Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area. |
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Definition
| Collection of all the organisms living in a particular place together with their nonliving surroundings. |
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Definition
| Group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities. |
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Definition
| Organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Connect biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the atmosphere. |
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Definition
| Chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life. |
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Definition
| Other types of bacteria use this process to convert nitrates into nitrogen gas releasing nitrogen gas into the atmosphere once again. |
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Definition
| Rate at which organic matter is created by producers. |
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Definition
| When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles slowly. |
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Definition
| When an aquatic ecosystem recieves a large input of a limiting nutrient increasing the amount of algae. |
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Term
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Definition
All living things composed of cells
Cells Basic units of structure and function in living things
New cells produced from existing cells |
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Definition
| Large membrane enclosed structure that contains the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell containing a nucleus |
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Definition
| Cell not containing a nucleus |
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Definition
| Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of the cell around the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance that surrounds the nucleus composed of two membranes dotted with thousands of nuclear pores allowing material to move in and out of the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Granular material inside the nucleus that contains DNA bound to protein. |
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Definition
| Threadlike structures that contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next. |
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Definition
| Small, dense region within the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins. |
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Definition
| Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. (Make proteins) |
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Term
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Definition
| The site where lipid components of the cell memvrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials taht are exported from the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle whose function is to modify, sort, and package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles filled with enzymes that breakdown lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Saclike structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelles that capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| A network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape. |
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Term
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Definition
| Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division. (Not in plant cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strong supporting layer around the membrane only in plant cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Double-layered sheet that is the composition of nearly all cell membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mass of a solute in a given volume of solution. (mass/volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the concentration of the solute is the same throughout a system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater amount of solute. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules, such as glucose, that cannot diffuse across the cell membrane's lipid bilayer on their own move through protein channels instead. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which cells move materials in the opposite direction against a concentration difference requiring energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of taking material into the cell by means of pockets of the cell membrane. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of similar cells that perform a particular function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many tissues working together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of organs that work together to perform a specific function. |
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Term
| Matthias Schleiden said... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Animals are made of cells |
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Term
| Made the first microscope |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Postulated the cell theory |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inner membrane of the mitochondria |
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Term
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Definition
| Pigment containing organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| Stack of membranes in a chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| Solar collectors in a chloroplast that are in stacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Green pigment in a chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stacks in the golgi bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Area near the nucleus containing the centrioles |
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Term
| 2 Materials that make up the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| Microtubules and microfilaments |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance of greatest concentration (Water, universal solvent) |
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Term
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Definition
| Substance of lesser concentration that dissolves in the solvent. |
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Term
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Definition
| When something has a higher concentration of water in a solution it shrinks to reach a dynamic equilibrium. |
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Term
| Factors determining Permeability |
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Definition
| Size, Shape, Electrical Charge, Phase of Matter, Solubility in water, solubility in lipids (fats) |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion without using energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive cell water loss=Death |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure resulting from water moving inot a cell in plants. (Turgor) |
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Term
| Contents of a phospholipid |
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Definition
Head-Glycerol and P04
Tails-2 Fatty Acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal fat, adds strength, and rigidity to a fluid membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Markers and recievers of chemical messages |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that life could come from the nonliving. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproductive cell of bacteria, fungi, algae, and some plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heating process sterilizes the flask. |
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Term
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Definition
| Equal distribution of replicated chromosomes to new nuclei. |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| 2 Proteins that control cell division |
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Definition
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Term
| Order of the stages of Mitosis |
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Definition
| PMAT Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes replicate, (nonreproductive stage)Cell growth, respiration, protein synthesis, manufacturing of organelles, preperation for mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatin condense into a pair of replicated sister chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleus disintegrate, centrioles begin migrating toward opposite poles, spindle fibers form between centrioles, asters radiate out from centrioles, centromeres attach to the spindles, chromatids begin moving to the equator. (prometaphase) |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromatids line up along the cell middle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Centromeres split, spindle fibers shorten and thicken, pulling the double stranded chromatids apart, mid to late anaphase actin and myosin proteins wrap around the cell and pinch in beginning cytokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell plate forms from membranes and divides the cell beginning cytokinesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| 46 single stranded chromosomes at each pole, nucleoli reform, nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes, animals-complete pinching in. Plants-Complete cell plate formation. Chromosomes revert back to chromatin appearance, 2 identical daughter cells are formed which will enter their own cell cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chart showing the # and kind of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 2 Reasons why cells divide |
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Definition
| DNA overload, Exchange of materials, surface area to volume ratio shrinks. |
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Term
| 3 Ways Cells Regulate their cell cycles |
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Definition
When cells touch each other, they stop growing
Outside signals from carbohydrate chains,
Cyclins and kinase within the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncontrolled mitosis, cells typically do not respond to external and internal regulators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mass of cancerous cells that don't respond to regulators. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Environmental causes of cancer |
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Definition
| Radiation, smoking, viral, alcohol, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal p53 gene (controls division prior to replication) |
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Term
| Form of DNA during G1 Phase |
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Definition
| Single stranded unreplicated chromatin |
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Term
| Form of DNA during S Phase |
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Definition
| Double stranded replicated chromatin |
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Term
| Form of DNA during G2 Phase |
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Definition
| Double stranded replicated chromatin |
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Term
| Form of DNA during Prophase |
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Definition
| Double stranded replicated chromatids |
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Term
| Form of DNA during Metaphase |
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Definition
| Double stranded replicated chromatids |
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Term
| Form of DNA during anaphase |
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Definition
| Single stranded chromosomes |
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Term
| Form of DNA during Telophase |
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Definition
Early telo- Single stranded chromosomes
Late telo- unreplicated chromatin |
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