Term
| How many rotations do the intestines do after they herniate out of the umbillicus? |
|
Definition
2 rotations
one rotation of 180 degrees
one rotation of 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
| After the first rotation, where is the appendix located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is non rotation of the midgut? Where does the appendix end up? |
|
Definition
| Non-rotation of the mid-gut means that none of the rotations in development occur. This means the appendix stays in its original location (left lower quadrant) |
|
|
Term
| A patient with a non rotated midgut presents with appendicitis. Where would the original pain be located? |
|
Definition
| The diffuse pain of appendicitis will always be referred pain to the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the appendix in a case of malrotation of the midgut? |
|
Definition
| Subpyloric or subhepatic region. Malrotation is also associated with mesenteric strangulation of parts of the digestive track |
|
|
Term
| Where does the appendix end up in reverse rotation? |
|
Definition
| lower right hand quadrant like in a regularly rotated mid-gut |
|
|
Term
| What are possible clinical complications of a reversed rotated mid-gut? |
|
Definition
| Patient is at increased risk of compression of the transverse colon (via superior mesenteric artery) as well as a risk of large intestinal volvulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal herniation into the umbilicus. Remember that some herniation is normal (To complete the twisting of the bowels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Herniation of the bowl out through the anterior abdominal wall (typically along the linea alba) |
|
|
Term
| How does Meckel's diverticulum form? |
|
Definition
| Meckel's diverticulum is formed by a failure of the yolk sac to regress |
|
|
Term
| What clinical presentation can someone with Meckels present? |
|
Definition
| Since Meckels has gastric mucosa and pancreatic tissue (degrades the area of bowel) it can present like appendicitis (lower left hand quadrant pinpoint pain instead of lower right). Also sometime Meckels can form as a fistula or cyst towards the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is when bowel folds into itself and project into a distal portion of bowel. This can cause ischemia and necrotic bowel. Ileocecal is the most common |
|
|
Term
| What are possible causes of Intestinal Atresia? |
|
Definition
| vascular insult and failure of recanalization |
|
|
Term
| What is intestinal duplication? |
|
Definition
| essentially a duplication of the lumen in the intestine. Can result in a cyst, impaction due to duplication that closes off at one end, or simply a double lumen with few complications |
|
|
Term
| The upper anal canal and urogenital sinus are derived from which tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The urorectual septum is derived from what tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the proctodeum and lower anal canal are derived from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The perineal body is derived from what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the urorectal septum? |
|
Definition
| separate the urogenital sinus and the anal canal |
|
|
Term
| What is the pectinate line? |
|
Definition
| divides the anal canal from its perspective contributions (ectoderm from proctodeum and endoderm from hindgut |
|
|
Term
| The hindgut contribution to the anal canal has vascularization/lymphatic drainage from where? |
|
Definition
| Inferior mesenteric, lymphatic drainage goes to the inferior mesenteric lymphnodes |
|
|
Term
| The proctodeum contribution to the anal canal gets its vascularization/lymphatic drainage from where? |
|
Definition
| The vascularization comes from the Internal pudendal artery (branch of internal illiac). The lymphatic drainage goes to the superficial inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| What sort of ennervation does the hindgut contribution to the anal canal have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What sort of enervation does the contribution to the anal canal from the proctodeum have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What seperates the anal and urigenital triangles in the cloacal region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Exstrophy of the cloaca? |
|
Definition
| abnormally large cloacal region that cannot be closed off by the body wall. Results in exposing the lumen of the bladder and the rectum. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two general classes of anorectal anomalies? |
|
Definition
| Urorectal septum problem or Anorectal agenesis |
|
|
Term
| Persistant cloaca is associated with what type of anorectal anomaly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anoperineal fistula is associated with what kind of urogenital defect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the puborectalis muscle and anorectal anomalies? |
|
Definition
| anomalies below the muscle mean that the patient will still have bowel control. Anomalies below the muscles mean that the patient will suffer from incontinence |
|
|
Term
| What is an imperforate anus? |
|
Definition
| persistent anal membrane where the infant cannot pass stools |
|
|
Term
| What is Hirschprung Disease? |
|
Definition
| Congenital megacolon results from a failure of neural crest cells to migrate and ennervate sections of bowel. This part of bowel will not be able to undergo peristalsis and will result impacted colon |
|
|
