Term
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Definition
| toxin produced by strains of streptococcus pyogenes responsible for scarlet fever.Causes pinkish-rash rash, strawberry tongue. Effected skin peels off like sunburn. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a streptococcus pneumoniae. It is gram (-), generally aerobic, but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. Unencapsulated (non-B type) causes otitis media and conjunctivitis infections and SINUSITIS in children, and is associated with pneumonia. |
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Term
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Definition
| MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS. Stiff neck-pounding headache. Inhibits nasopharynx w/o symptoms. Most symptoms are thought to be due to EXOTOXIN. Rash is bright red pates to blue-black spots. Death->2 HOURS. |
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Term
| Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome |
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Definition
| Caused by Neisseria meningitis--MENINGOCOCCAL meningitis. Causes LESIONS IN THE ADRENAL GLAND. |
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Term
| Treatment of Neisseria meningitis--MENINGOCOCCAL meningitis. |
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Definition
| Prompt treatment with chemotherapy before identification and Broad Spectrum Cephalosproins. Generally hard to treat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes, causing upper respiratory tract pharyngitis, laryngitis, and tonsillitis. Causes Pneumococcal pneumonia** |
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Term
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Definition
| Causing primary atypical pneumonia. No cell wall- PLEOMORPHI (takes any shape). Doens not grow in normal conditions for bacteria and is, therefore, confused with viral pneumonia. Rarely even develops pneumonia, or with mild symptoms. Penicillin is NOT EFFECTIVE, since it targets cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nosocomial. Occurs with compromised naturally defenses- alcoholism, emphysema, diabetes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by Serratia Marcescens. Nosocomial. |
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Term
| Streptoccoccus Pneumonia Meningitis |
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Definition
| Inhibits Nasophayrnx. Common in children 1 month-4 yrs, and elderly. Can lead to meningitis. This streptococcus has same properties as diplococcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be cause by Haemophilus influenza meningitis |
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Term
| Haemophilus influenzae TYPE B |
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Definition
| Causes meningitis, HIB dz. This type is most important, infecting children under 4 yrs, and most prevalent at 6 months. Invasion usually follows a viral infection. Vaccination should be given at 2 months. |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by Legionella pneumophilia. High fever, cough, symptoms of pneumonia. VERY HIGH mortality. no person to person transmission. Isolated from natural water. It is resistant to cholorine. Legionella=amoeba relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flu-like illness caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila contracted by breathing mist that comes from a water source contaminated with the bacteria. The incubation period from a few hours to 2 days, before the onset of fever and muscle aches. Persons do not have pneumonia. They generally recover in 2 to 5 days without treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Whooping cough caused bye bordetella pertussis. Mucus fills up the respiratory tract, making it difficult to inhale. Can release ENDOTOXINS and EXOTOXINS. It attaches to cilia in trachea. Tracheal cytotoxin-causes loss of ciliated cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| A toxin produced by certain bacteria and released upon destruction of the bacterial cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A toxin secreted by a microorganism and released into the environment in which it grows. Also called extracellular toxin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| Acid fast. Respiratory droplet transmission. Survives for week in dried sputum. Chronic. Symptoms: fever, sweats, blood-streaked sputum, chronic cough, malaise and weight loss. **It takes multiple contacts to acquire it. Only one strain can be given in one shot (rare). |
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Term
| Granuloma or Gohn’s complex |
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Definition
| Associated with Mycobacterium TB. This structure is surrounded by macrophages. It remains in the lungs and after a period of time, it begins to calcify. Eventually the calcified nodules will break out of the “shell”. These nodules are called MILITARY TB because it spreads. |
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Term
| When Mycobacterium TB spreads, what does it cause? |
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Definition
| TB of the heart, liver, meninges, bone, kidney and spine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| another name for unrelenting TB spread |
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Definition
| consumption... because the tissues are literally consumed |
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Term
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Definition
| If it is encapsulated it is pathogenic. The capsule is responsible for the pathogenicity. |
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Term
| Mycobacterium TB treatment |
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Definition
| (INH), Rifampin, Ethambutol, Pyrazinamide and Streptomycin (treatment time period can last over 6 – 12 months |
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Term
| Corynebacterium diphtheria |
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Definition
| Get thick psuedo membranous formation of the toxic tissue in throat that closes off respiration and can’t breathe. Contains metacromatic granules. Exotoxin that interferes w/ protein synthesis. They are club shaped, may cause sore throat, fever, malaise, swelling of the neck. Powerful exotoxin may effect heart kidney and NS. |
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Term
| Streptococcus acute glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
| a complication due to the fighting battle btw the body and the bacteria at the glomeroles of the kidney. It is immune-mediated, following acute infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. |
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Term
| beta-hemolytic streptococci |
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Definition
| Streptococci that lyse red blood cells cultured on blood agar medium, producing a clear area around the cell colonies. Causes skin impetigo, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever, and bacteremia and toxic-shock. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A symptom of streptococcus pyogenes rheumatic fever. |
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Term
| Mycobacterium scrofulaceum |
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Definition
| Causes TB lymph swelling, very ugly color. Royalties use to cover the huge bumps with scrofulas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria frequently living on the skin or in the nose of a healthy person, that can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections (such as pimples, boils, and cellulitis) and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and septicemia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Will cause a HUGE rash. However, the problem is that not everybody obtains the rash. It causes heart conditions, and encephalitis, bills palsy. It is caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi, and is the most common tick-borne disease in North America and Europe, and the fastest-growing infectious disease in |
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Term
| What is Purified Protein Derivative (PPD)? |
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Definition
| An antigen - a substance that stimulates the immune system to eliminate or fight foreign substances in the body. It is taken from dead tuberculosis bacteria. |
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Term
| During the Mantoux / PPD Tuberculosis |
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Definition
| skin test, 0.1 ml of -------- containing 5 tuberculin units is drawn into a 27-gauge syringe. Immunization: bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) – made from weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis |
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Term
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Definition
| contagious, fatal dz caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis G (-), transmitted from person to person or by the bite of fleas from an infected rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Particularly dangerous. bacteria from blood to lungs, and via respiratory droplets (human to human and animal to human). Mortality rate 100 %. After onset of fever...death follows withing 3 days. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| GONORRHAE—Nisseria Gonnorrhoeae |
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Definition
| A gram negative diplococcic. The same niseeria that causes meningitis. They use to called it vanerious dz because venous, god of love. Varioulence depends on the pilli of the nisserria, which allows it to attach very readily to each other and to mucus membranes. Symptoms include a purulent (or pus-like) discharge from the genitals, foul smelling, a burning sensation during urination and conjunctivitis commonly in neonatal infection, also occasionally in adults. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Release by gonorrhea, which is able to break down penicillin, preventing penicillin from treating the condition. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Gonorrhea eye infections in newborns |
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Term
| Complications of Gonorrhea |
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Definition
| Epididymis and testes infected-sterility, scar tissue forms in sperms. Salpingitis- pevic inflammatory dz. Heart-Gonococcal endocarditis. Joints-Gonococcal arthritis-wrist, knee, ankle. Meninges-Gonococcal meningitis. Post gonoccocal riter’s syndrome** Rare complications can happen: Bacterimia, gonocoocal meminigtis, gonococcal endocaditis. Can also cause gingivitis. Prostitis. Urethritis:Scarred, partially blocked urethra. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Penicillin (was DOC) , Spectinomycin, Tetracycline |
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Term
| UREPLASMAL URETHRITIS- Ureplasma Urelyticum |
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Definition
| Non gonoccocal urethritis. Type of Mycoplasma T- Mycoplasma (T =Tiny colonies). Similar to gonorrhea but discharge is variable. Compactions: Low sperm count and sperm motility. Spontaneous abortion. |
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Term
| SYPHILIS-Treponema Pallidum |
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Definition
| Also called the great pox, with pock marks. Incubates in 3 weeks. Can be 2 weeks- several months. |
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Term
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Definition
| chancre-serous exudates in center. Small red raised hard bump, enlarged and breaks down leaving a shallow center and a firm margin around it. The oral cavity, rectum, nipples, and eyes, fingers, anywhere with mucus membrane may have these. They heal spontaneously in 3-6 weeks. If they go untreated, the immune system does not treat it. If penicillin DOC not given, from 3 wks to 6 months later, you get fever, headache sorethrough, lyphoidnopathy, red brown rash all over the skin. Including palms of the hands and soles of the feet (JUST LIKE ROCKY MOUTAINS SPOTTY FEVER, KAWASAKI DZ, COCKSOXI VIRUS TYPE 1). Major complications happen in the beginning in the bones, in the hair, in the joints, liver, eyes, brain, kidneys. For weeks or months later, they disappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most contagious stage. Hair loss, malaise, mild fever. Skin rash widely distributed on skin, and mucous membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 to 4 years- no symptoms-serology is (+). Can be btw secondary and tertiary syphilis, can be up to 20 years. So you still have spirochetes in blood, meaning you still contiguous by bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| at least 10 years. This is rare due to the presence of antibiotics. The small arteries in the aorta are affected by it, and also major arteries. They rupture! There is neuro syphilis that affects any part of the nervous system. It goes right thought the BBB and can affect the cranial nerves, and the dorsal root of the spinal cord. People go insane, from tertiary syphilis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Skin tumors and connective tissues tumors seen in tertiary syphilis. They are connective tissue lesions that start to disrupt the in the entire body. |
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Term
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Definition
| fixation test used to diagnose syphilis. If test is negative, then pt is negative. If test is positive, then FTA-ABS confirmation is used, since there are some false positives, but no false negatives. |
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Term
| CHANCROID- Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Definition
| Soft chanchers-ozz carrying bacteria that is gram n(-). Bacteria gets into the inguinal lymph nodes, fill with puss, they bulge to the surface of the skin, and send the bacterial to all over the skin spreading the bacterial. Swollen, painful ulcer-soft chancre forms on genitals. Found in tropical climate. |
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Term
| Erythromycin or Ceftriaxone |
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Definition
| Used to treat CHANCROID- Haemophilus ducreyi |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is primarily a sexually transmitted disease in which characteristic intracellular inclusions called DONOVAN bodies may be seen. It usually manifests as genital lesions, which are indolent, progressive, ulcerative, and granulomatous. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A broad-spectrum antibiotic obtained from a species of gram-negative bacteria or produced synthetically, used especially in the treatment of gonorrhea that is resistant to penicillin. |
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Term
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Definition
| There are a host of them. This is the most famous, when you get it, you have a raised lesion called the “mother yaw”. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blood associated with lesion- raspberry appearance found in NON SYPHILITIC TREPONEMA. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a soft, non-cancerous growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis (chancroid). |
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Term
| Congenital Hutchinson’s triad |
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Definition
| Deafness, impaired vision, notched-pegged teeth. Congenital syphilis: can pass through placenta, and can affect child, born with birth deformities in NS, this dz, rash, and nasal congestion. |
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Term
| LEPROSY- Mycobacterium leprae |
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Definition
| This bacteria is same as mycobacterium that causes TB. So the acid fast test for mycobacterium is the same acid-fast test of this as well. The dz can eventually cause a variety of skin problems, loss of feeling, and paralysis of the hands and feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for leprosy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The slowest growing of all species (incubatation 3-6yrs). Takes multiple contacts to get it (like TB). Humans and armadillos can be carriers. Predisposing problem maybe T cell problem. • Foot pads of armadillos-body temp of 30-35 deg C. we don’t know if we had it and gave it to them or varsa versa. It grows in human ear lobes, host ears away from face, where it is cool area. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Passed though animal urine, enters human kidney through cuts. Spirochetes Leptospira interrogans and characterized by jaundice and fever. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the neurotoxin produced by the vegetative spore of Clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus. It is sometimes called spasmogenic toxin, tetanus toxin or abbreviated to TeTx or TeNT. |
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Term
|
Definition
clostridium tetani (second most toxic to men) {and Corrina bacteria is (third most toxic), first is botulism}.
This is probably in the human GI tract, but there it is aerobic, so does not make you sick. Sometimes it starts unnoticed but does kill you. It causes uncontrolled contractions beginning in the jaw (called letgar), causes restlessness, stiffness in neck, convolutions, and as the muscles tense, you start getting breathing and leg cramps. Pt will have an arched back on the exam table. |
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Term
| pinkeye: of Haemophilus influenza: H aegypticus |
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Definition
| is caused by haemophilus influenza. This is a bacterial purmulent influenza. It is so bad, that the eye is crusted shut. It causes photophobia, and eyes hurt and tear. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotics and cortisone (must see immediate change in 24 hours). |
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Term
|
Definition
| food poisoning is the term used to describe the common foodborne illness. A more serious but rare illness is also caused by ingesting food contaminated with Type C strains. |
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Term
| Closteridium perfringens Gastroenteritits |
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Definition
| responsible for gas gangrines. Found in meats and Stew contaminated with intesting contents of animals during slaughter. when meat is cooked, the low O2 levels alow it to grow still. Generation time is 20 minutes. It grows in intestinal tract and causes mild symptoms of abd pain/diarrhea. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Bacterial infection caused by a gram-positive, motile bacterium. Is relatively rare and occurs primarily in newborn infants, elderly patients, and patients who are immunocompromised. Usually grows in old plastic backs with food. |
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Term
| Staphylococcal food poisoning |
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Definition
| causes food poisoning after 1/2 of ingestion |
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Term
|
Definition
| The antimicrobial drug of choice for the treatment of leprosy |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tetnospasmin: block relation pathway of opposing muscles so hat both contract at the same time--spastic paralysis. |
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Term
| RAT BITE FEVER- Streptobacillus spirillum |
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Definition
| More common in Asiatic countries, Recurring fever- arthritis like pain- inflammation of lymph nodes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Japanese name for Rat Bite Fever |
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Term
| Actinomyces--Actinomyces Israelii |
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Definition
| Invades the GI and respiratory systems. Enters gums during dental extraction--swelling--lumpy, hard as wood--"lumpy jaw". Drains sinuses in respiratory and abdominal cavities. Reproductive system infection die to IUDs. |
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Term
| Brucellosis Undulant Fever--Brucella |
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Definition
| It causes the undulating fever. transmitted by contact with infected animals, and characterized by fever, malaise, and headache. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common in US. Found in Cattle and transmitted in unpasteurized milk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common in the world. Found in goats, sheep and camels. Also transmitted in unpasteurized milk--high mortality rate |
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Term
|
Definition
| Swine--destructive abscesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dongs--in contact with an infective dog. |
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Term
| B. melitensis, and B. suis |
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Definition
| The two Brucella that can penetrate intact skin. |
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Term
| Modes of Brcella Transmission |
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Definition
| Unpasturized milk, infective animal, abrasion in skin or mucous membrane of mouth, through or GI tract. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis that affects rodents but can also be transmitted to humans through the bite of insects or contact with infected animals. In humans, the disease is characterized by intermittent fever and swelling of the lymph nodes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Also called rabbit fever. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A gram (-) single flagellum. 1 L of water is lost per hour. Night soil (human feces). Rice water stools. Picket fence configuration. Chinese letter configuration. Can be killed by the stomach acid but all it takes is one to get threw to establish disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tetracycline, replacement of fluids and electrolytes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Whereas most of the food poisonings give diarrhea, this one gives constipation. Causes ulceration and hemorrhage and infection |
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Term
| Major ways of spreading typhoid |
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Definition
| the five Fs: food, fingers, feces, fomites, and flies. |
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Term
|
Definition
| highly infectious disease caused by (Salmonella typhi) characterized by high fever, headache, coughing, intestinal hemorrhaging, and rose-colored spots on the skin. Stays in Gall bladder, and is acid resistant. Carrier keeps shedding the virus for 5-10 years. |
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Term
| Chloramphenicole/Ceftriax |
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Definition
| Antibiotic used to treat typhoid. Very dangerous and causes A PLASTIC ANEMIA. Must watch RBC and WBC count when administered. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A test of blood serum that uses an agglutination reaction to diagnose typhoid fever. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Clostridium botulinum. Endotoxin deadliest toxin known to man. Used in germ warfare. Found in the soil. Gram positive anaerobic bacillus that forms endospores. When spores enter the anaerobic environment of cans or jars, they germinate to vegetative bacilli, and the bacilli produce the toxin. The toxin is lethal once absorbed into the bloodstream. |
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Term
|
Definition
| What contains botulin spores that should not be given to infants. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is an illness that can occur when a newborn ingests bacteria that produce a toxin inside the body. The condition can be frightening because it can cause muscle weakness and breathing problems. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Caused by Shigella of 4 different species. They release exotoxins that inhibit protein synthesis-killing cells, causing tissue damage to intestinal mucosa and severe diarrhea and bloody mucoid stools. Is a foodborne illness that is principally a disease of humans and other primates such as monkeys and chimpanzees. The causative organism is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. |
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Term
| Hemolytic Urecemic Diarrhea |
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Definition
| The diarrhea that causes hemolytic anemia and acute renal failure. |
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Term
|
Definition
| also known as bacillary dysentery |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cannot treat with antibiotics because it is toxin and you need to give an antitoxin not an antibiotic. |
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Term
| What must be done with Dysentery pts |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| injection of dead salmonella cells, or even oral vaccine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Often found in contaminated food, water, rodents (often carriers) STUFFED TURKEY AND CHICKEN. Includes MANY members of pathogens that inhibit intestinal track. |
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Term
| Campylobacter Gasteroenteritis |
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Definition
| Caused by -------Jejuni. It is VERY mobile. Gram (-) Microearophilic spirillum. Found in intestines of cattles, poultry, contaminated water, and cow milk. THE INFECTIVE DOSE IS MUCH SMALLER THAN SALMONELLA, and may be severe. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can treat Campylobacter Gastroenteritis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Caused by E coli, large number required in contaminated food/water to cause the infection. It is ENTROTOXIC--induces water loss. Most Toxic specie is 015787 that commonly causes infections and may lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pasturazation measure of Coxilla burnetii. Begins with less than 100,000 microorganisms, and should be at 20,000 after pasteurizing. Good for human consumption. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pasturazation measure of Coxilla burnetii. Contains 1 million microorganisms. Only used in food products. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pasturazation measure of Coxilla burnetii. Not for human consumption. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Measures the effectiveness of pasteurization. Phosphate dissociates at the same T coxiella brunetii does, so it tests whether temperature was reached or not. |
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Term
| LISTERIOSIS-Listeria monocytogenes (proliferation of monocytes) |
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Definition
Predisposing factor is diabetes, weakening of the intestinal mucosa. May cause fever, diarrhea and nausea, which goes away in a couple of days. In immune compromised pts, it causes death.
It can also cause meningitis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Can effects horses, cats, rats. Can be dormant in body ofr years. Can mimic heart attack, arthritis, pneumonia. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Causes UTI in rodents. You walk barefoot in the grass, where animals pee there. They attack to feet and they screw themselves right into the foot, to the lymph, then heart, and kidney. You end up with severe kidney problem. No transmission through injection, inhillation, etc. Digestion: can get it thorough cans of warehouses that have rodents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| More harmful than interrogans. |
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Term
|
Definition
| High fever, accompanied by low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, leading to death. The characteristic rash,a sunburn, can involve any region of the body. Tempon may be foul smelling. In patients who survive, the rash desquamates, or peels off, after 10–14 days. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Histamine substance produced by PROTEUS--fish such as tuna. Cause headache, cramps, hives, shock that lasts 24 hours. Caused by DYNOGLAGELLATES |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chinese letters and picket fence |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fat digesting enzyme produced by certain contaminating bacteria in milk. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a bacterial enzyme that destroys phagocytes, thereby preventing phagocytosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ECM, erythema chronicum migrans – an expanding circular red rash that occurs on the skin of pts with Lyme’s. Pt may not get the rash, so there may be a delay in treatment |
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|
Term
| Staphylococcal Food Poisoning – staphylococcus aureus |
|
Definition
| Foul smelling nitrogen compounds |
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