Term
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Definition
| droplet nuclei containing about 1 bacterium that allows for effective person-to-person respiratory transmission; used by TB, measles, and varicella; causes immediate LRI without URI |
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Term
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Definition
| different alleles at the same locus contribute to the same disease |
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Term
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Definition
| good phagocytes, poor signalers |
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Term
| hookworm that pierces skin and travels to lungs to be coughed up and swallowed |
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Definition
| Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus |
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Term
| NK-mediated killing of pathogens that are marked by IgG; NK cells have Fc receptors |
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Definition
| antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity |
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Term
| ingested eggs hatch in gut, worm travels to lungs, is coughed up and swallowed, and then matures in gut |
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Definition
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Term
| risk factors for aspiration |
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Definition
| alcohol, CNS depression, elderly |
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Term
| mixed aerobic and anerobic flora, lung abscesses; common in alcoholics; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| expressed on macrophages; binds HSP60 to allow Histoplasmosis entry; pts defective in this protein lack a neutrophil marginating pool |
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Definition
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Term
| broad based fungus that causes blastomycosis; endemic to central US, Mexico, India, Middle East, Africa, Canada |
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Definition
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Term
| dilation of bronchioles and obliteration of lumen by mucus plugs; complication of CF, PCD |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnostic technique to collect specimens from lung alveoli, particularly alveolar macrophages |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| causes persistent infection in CF pts |
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Term
| bug that causes mellioidosis |
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Definition
| Burkholderia pseudomallei |
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Term
| asymptomatic but still infectious |
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Definition
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Term
| Cl- channel; defective in CF pts |
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Definition
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Term
| asymptomatic infection with low transmission rate; ex.) primary TB |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large respiratory droplets do not travel far--3ft radius; infects URT first |
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Term
| infection of URT first and then spreads to LRT; Strep pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, M. catarrhalis, Hib, Legionella |
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Definition
| community-acquired pneumonias |
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Term
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Definition
| having 2 different recessive alleles at a particular locus that presents, phenotypically, like a heterozygous state |
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Term
| fungal form that infects like a droplet nuclei; LRI without URI |
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Definition
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Term
| defense mechanism to facilitate mucociliary clearance |
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Definition
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Term
| barking cough, subglottis inflammation, no drooling; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| autosomal recessive defect in CFTR; pt presents with respiratory infections, bronchiectasis, infertility, pancreatic exocrine dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein found in secretions that aids immune defense |
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Term
| 70% of CFTR mutations are caused by this; complete lack of CFTR activity |
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Definition
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Term
| non-pathogenic members of diptheria family found in normal flora of throat |
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Definition
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Term
| what bugs are transmitted via droplet nuclei? |
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Definition
varicella, measles, and TB transmission
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Term
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Definition
| pneumonias that have been acquired hematogenously |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- fastidious bacteria, causes tularemia, spread by aerosols; bioterrorism agent class A; risk factor: rabbits, rodents, squirrels |
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Term
| protects against aspiration; inhibited by alcohol and CNS depression |
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Definition
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Term
| anatomical structure that delineates upper respiratory tract from lower respiratory tract |
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Definition
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Term
| hemorrhagic mediastinitis; bug? |
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Definition
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Term
| produced by airway epithelial cells; recruits neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sinusitis, bronchiectasis, situs inversus; seen in PCD |
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Term
| produced by alveolar macrophages; recruits neutrophils |
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Definition
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Term
| complication of aspiration pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staph aureus |
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Definition
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Term
| neutrophils on periphery of vasculature that bind to vessel wall via beta-integrin |
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Definition
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Term
| epidemiology of melioidosis |
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Definition
systemic disease, high mortality rate, SE Asia, Vietnam veterans; bug: Burkholderia pseudomallei
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Term
| found on IgA constant domain; facilitates mucociliary clearance |
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Definition
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Term
| organism isolated from CF pts that produces alginate, a biofilm that resists host defenses |
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Definition
| mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Term
| disease commonly caused by Staph aureus, Staph epidermis, Enterobacteriaceae, or Pseudomonas |
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Definition
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Term
| zoonotic disease; aka) psittacosis |
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Definition
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Term
| caused by autoinfection commonly by normal throat commensals like M. catarrhalis, Strep pneumonia and Hib; caused by inflammed Eustachian tube that causes obstruction of the middle ear |
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Definition
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Term
| Oriental Lung Fluke; acquired by ingestion of raw crustaceans; travels from gut to lungs and matures in lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| disease caused by Gram- bacilli Yersinia pestis; this and smallpox are the only bugs that can cause naturally efficient person-to-person respiratory transmission |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| multiple species; common in aspiration pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram- aerobic bacteria that causes Pontiac fever and Legionnaire's disease; water-loving |
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Term
| caused by a mutation in dynein; presents as Kartagner's triad (sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and situs inversus) with male infertility |
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Definition
| primary ciliary dyskinesia |
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Term
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Definition
virus disseminates in blood and targets spleen, lymph nodes, and liver; occurs in smallpox
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Term
| ornithosis; caused by Chlamydia psittaci and spread by birds |
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Definition
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Term
| zoonotic disease caused by Gram- bacilli Coxiella burnetti; acquired by inhalation; risk factors include farm and domestic animals |
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Definition
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Term
| transcellularly transports antigens from the respiratory lumen to subepithelial APCs |
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Definition
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Term
| biphasic disease caused by coronavirus, originated in Hong Kong |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
after primary viral dissemination to spleen/LNs/liver, virus targets skin and mucous membranes, creating a rash; occurs in smallpox
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Term
| produced by B cells in BALT (broncho-associated lymphoid tissue); acts synergistically with mucociliary escalator and contributes to chemical defenses along with IgG |
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Definition
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Term
| occurs in PCD as part of Kartagner's triad; all body organs are flipped, right to left |
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Definition
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Term
| helminth that penetrates the skin and travels to lungs to be coughed up and swallowed; matures in gut |
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Definition
| Strongyloides stercoralis |
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Term
| caused by overgrowth of Candida in mouth; risk factors: impaired CMI |
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Definition
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Term
| painful ulcerative disease of the mouth; caused by overgrowth and synergism between fusobacterium and spirochetes; risk factors: poor oral hygiene; aka. Vincent's angina |
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Definition
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Term
| protozoa that is part of normal throat flora (2) |
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Definition
| Trichomonas tenax, Entamoeba gingivalis |
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Term
| hypersensitivity reaction caused by residence of Wucheria or Brugia (those that cause lymphatic filiarisis) in lung capillaries, waiting for transmission by insect bite |
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Definition
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia |
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Term
| lethal disease caused by fastidious Francisella spp.; risk factors: rabbit; aerosol transmission |
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Definition
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Term
| bug that causes smallpox; transmitted in respiratory droplets |
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Definition
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Term
| Veillonella sp: anaerobic/aerobic, Gram+/-, cocci/bacilli; niche? |
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Definition
| strict anaerobic Gram- cocci found in normal throat flora |
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Term
| aka) trench mouth; painful ulcerative disease of mouth; caused by overgrowth and synergism between fusobacteria and spirochetes; risk factors: poor oral hygiene |
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Definition
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Term
| gamma hemolytic; part of normal throat flora |
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Definition
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Term
| nematodes that cause lymphatic filiarisis, which can lead to tropical pulmonary eosinophilia |
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Definition
| Wuchereria spp., Brugia spp. |
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Term
| Yersinia pestis: disease, Gram+/-, cocci/bacilli |
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Definition
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Term
| uncommon viral pneumonia in adults and children; transmitted by deer mice to humans; no treatment available |
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Definition
| Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
mutations at different loci contribute to the same disease; ex.) PCD
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Term
| spores are inhaled into alveoli, bugs germinate and are brought to LNs; pt dies from hemorrhagic mediastinitis; dx? |
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Definition
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Term
| fusiform bacillus that is part of normal oral flora but can contribute to trench mouth |
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Definition
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