Term
| Facultative Intracellular Organisms |
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Definition
Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, Francisella tularensis, Legionella
Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultiveLy |
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Term
| bacteria that produce exotoxins that increase levels of cAMP |
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Definition
1. Cholera (Vibrio cholera)
2. Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
3. Montezuma's revenge (E. coli)
4. pertussis (Bordetella pertussis) |
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Term
| What are Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
1. THe organizsm should always be found in the diseased animal but not in healthy animals.
2. The organism can be isolated and grown in pure culture away from the animal
3. The organism isolated in pure culture causes the same disease when re-inoculated into susceptible animals
4. The same organism can be re-isolated from those diseased animals |
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Term
| What are 4 limitations of Koch's postulates? |
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Definition
1. Some organisms can't be grown away from animals hosts
2. There are no animal models for some human diseases
3. Some diseases (eg pneumonia) can be caused by multiple organisms
4. Carrier states: some animals/humans can be colonized by a "pathogen" without developing disease |
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Term
| What are the Molecular Koch's Postulates? |
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Definition
1. The phenotype or property encoded by the virulence gene should be associated with pathogenic strains.
2. Specific inactivation of the virulence gene encoding the suspected virulence traite should lead to a measurable loss of virulence.
3. Addition of a cloned copy of the wild-type gene to the mutant should restore virulence. |
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Term
| Intracellular Obligate Bacteria |
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Definition
| Mycobacterium leprae, Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia spp. |
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Term
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Definition
Most gram-positive bacteria (except Listeria monocytogenes)
Vibrio Cholerae
Treponema pallidum |
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Term
| Classifications of Fungi (extra- vs intracellular) |
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Definition
| Most fungi are intracellular facultative except Cryptococcus spp. |
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Term
| Classifications of parasites (extra- vs intracellular) |
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Definition
| Most protozoa are intracellular facultative except Giardia spp. |
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Term
| Penicillinase resistant penicillins |
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Definition
Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
I MET a NAsty OX.
Target S. aureus and given IV |
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Term
| Oral beta-lactamase resistant penicillins |
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Definition
Cloxacillin and dicloxacillin (the CLOX were ticking)
Not good for Gram (-); target gram (+) S. aureus
Not effective for MRSA |
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