Term
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Definition
| (qualitative) indicates bacterium can cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| (quantitative) measure of disease potential |
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Term
| Upper Respiratory system consists of: |
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Definition
| nose and throat (pharynx), including the middle ear and auditory tubes. |
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Term
| Lower respiratory system consists of: |
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Definition
| larynxs, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs. |
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Term
| Microbial Diseases of Upper Respiratory System: |
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Definition
Streptococcus pyogenes
Corynebacterium diptheriae
Bordetella pertussis
Neisseria meningitidis
Hemophilus influenza |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation involving the tonsils |
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Term
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Definition
| infection of the paranasal sinus cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the flaplike structure of cartilage that prevents material from entering the larynx |
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Term
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Definition
Virulence Factors:
Beta-hemolytic
M protein
Erythogenic "red forming" toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| allows streptococci to escape from a fibrin clot |
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Term
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Definition
| dissolves glue holding cells together. Hyaluronic acid is a major constituent of the intersitial space between cells |
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Term
| Hemolytic classification of streptococci pyogenes: |
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Definition
| Beta-hemolytic streptococci are surrounded by clear, colorless zone due to COMPLETE destruction of red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| located in the cell wall and pili of streptococci. Encouraged adherence to pharynegeal (throat) tissue. Retards phagocytosis (white blood cells that try to kill the bacteria). Over 100 specific types of M protein have been identified. |
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Term
| Streptococcus pyogenes causes: |
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Definition
Strep throat, by AIRBORNE DROPLETS expelled by coughing or sneezing.
Scarlet fever |
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Term
| Symptoms of Strep Throat: |
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Definition
| High fever, coughing, swollen lymph nodes and tonsils, fiery red throat. Complication- can also infect middle ear called otitis media |
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Term
| Symptoms of Scarlet Fever: |
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Definition
| Strep throat accompanied by a skin rash. Usually only get scarlet fever once because body makes antibodies against the toxin called Antitoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| "red forming" toxin produced by certain strains that carry prophage (ability of a cell to replicate) with toxin genes. Toxin damages capillaries results in blood leaking through the walls. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| phage DNA integrates into chromosome and becomes dormant. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cells with phage in the chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in environmental conditions can cause the prophage to come out of the chromosome. Results in phage entering LYTIC cycle and produces more phages. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysogenic strains of Streptococcus produce a extotoxin that results in: |
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Term
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Definition
| Lysogenic strains of COrynebacterium diptheriae produce a potent exotoxin that is the cause of: |
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Term
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Definition
| Strains of Clostridium botulinum produce the: |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by fever and inflammation of the small blood vessels. |
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Term
| Symptoms of Rheumatic fever: |
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Definition
| Joint pain, often see permanent scarring and distortion of heart valves. |
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Term
Rheumatic Fever
Glomerulonephritis
Erysipelas |
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Definition
| Results of untreated Streptococcal pharyngitis: |
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Term
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Definition
| Very rare flesh-eating disease, streptococcus bacteria spread deep within the fascia, fibrous sheets of the connective tissue surrounding muscles and binding them to one another. |
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Term
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Definition
Disease:Strep throat, streptococcal pharyngitis
Characteristics: Red pharyngeal lining, patches of pus, pain on swallowing, enlarge tonsils and lymph nodes |
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Term
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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Definition
Disease: Diphtheria
Characteristics: Mild sore throat, slight fever swelling in neck, toxin production damages organs. |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Pertussis- Whooping Cough
Characteristics: Cold-like symptoms, mucus accumulates, intense spasms of coughing. |
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Term
Neisseria Meningitidis
Hemophilus Influenza |
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Definition
Disease: Meningitis
Characteristics: Membrane covering brain and spinal cord become inflamed. Primary to children under age 4. Severe headache, sudden high fever, stiff neck. |
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Term
Diptheria
Agent: Corynebacterium diptheriae |
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Definition
| Virulence factors: swelling in neck with formation of pseudomembrane. Produces toxin which circulates and damages receptor-specific internal organs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a membrane composed of dead human and bacterial cells |
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Term
Pertussis (whooping cough)
Agent: Bordetella Pertussis |
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Definition
| Virulence factors: ciliary action is blocked by accumulations of dense masses of these bacteria in the trachea and bronchea. Toxins relesed upon bacterial cells death, and increases host's cytotoxin action causing eventual loss of ciliated cells. |
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Term
Pertussis
"Whooping Cough" |
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Definition
1st stage: resembles a common cold
2nd stage: paroxysmal (violent spells) stage is characterized by attempts to clear the throat by coughing
3rd stage: sporadic coughing for several weeks (100 days cough) |
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Term
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Definition
| layers that cover both the brain and the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammation of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammation of the brain |
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Term
Meningococol Meningitis
Agent: Neisseria Meningitis |
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Definition
Virulence Factors: attachment pili, endotoxin, capsule
Reservoir: Human asymptomatic carriers, nose and throat flora
Transmission: airborne droplets |
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Term
| Microbial Diseases of Lower Respiratory System: |
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Definition
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Legionellosis
Q Fever
Psittacosis |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
Disease: Tuberculosis
Characteristics: Chronic lung disease characterized by low-grade fever, and destruction of lung tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Pneumonia
Characteristics: rust colored sputnum |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic lung disease characterized by low grade fever, weight loss and destruction of lung tissue |
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Term
Tuberculosis
Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| Acid fast positive, rod-shaped bacteria with a waxy cell wall that is resistant to drying and disinfectants. spread by aerosol droplets by people carrying the disease, spread by coughing, sneezing, speaking, or spiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Virulence factors: can survive phagocytosis living iside macrophages and moving with them to deep lung tissue. produces tubercle (small lumps). |
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Term
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Definition
| small lumps that are due to cellular immunity trying to limit the spread of the disease. |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: G+ pnemonia
Characteristics: hospital acquired infection |
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Term
Haemophilus influenze
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia Marcescens |
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Definition
Disease: G- pneumonia
Characteristics: compromised patients |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: "walking pneumonia"
characteristics: primary atypical pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Legionellosis
Characteristics: spread by air |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Q Fever
Characteristics: Rickettsia, occurs dairy cows found in raw milk |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: psittacosis
Characteristics: Occurs in parrot and parrot like birds |
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Term
| bronchitis or bronchiolities |
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Definition
| infection affecting the bronchi |
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Term
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Definition
| general descriptive term which refers to the presence of fluid buildup in the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| pneumonia that affects an entire lobe of the lung |
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Term
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Definition
| Pneumonia that affects both left and right lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| infection in the bronchiole respiratory passage |
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Term
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Definition
| main causes of pneumonia that occurs in the hopsital |
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Term
| Pleomorphic (Mycoplasmal Pneumonia) |
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Definition
| having no cell wall, cannot be treated with cell wall affecting antibiotics (penicillins) |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Legionella pneumophilia
Virulence factors: can survive phagocytosis in compromised hosts, causes abscesses and tissue death.
Reservoir: grows in water of air-conditioning cooling towers
Symptoms: fever, dry cough with little sputum, some diarrhea and vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Coxiella Burnetii
grows only within living tissue. Causes mild respiratory disease lasting 1-2 weeks.
Symtoms: sever headache, high fever, a dry cough.
Treatment: Tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
| Prevalent in livestock especially dairy cows, goats, and sheep due to a parasite . Humans get it by ingesting unpasteurized milk and by inhaling aerosols of microbes in dairy barns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Affects parrots, parakeets, and other birds. Transmitted by inhaling airborne dust or dried droppings of infected birds. |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Botulism
Characteristics: Exotoxin causes paralysis and respiratory failure |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Staphylococcal food poisoning
Characteristics: Enterotoxin causes cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Clostridium food poisoning
Characteristics: Enterotoxin causes cramps, abdomain pain and watery diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Bacillus cerus food poisoning
Characterisitcs: Enterotoxin causes cramps, diarrhea and vomiting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxin involved in gastrointestines |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Clostridium botulinum
Reservoid: Endospores found in intestines of humans and animals
Virulence Factor: produces an exotoxin that acts on nerves to block neuromuscular synapse transmission. |
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Term
Fodder Disease
Limber-neck
Would botulism
Infant botulism |
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Definition
| Botulism is known to cause: |
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Term
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Definition
| Mode of transmission: errant sneeze onto food. Skin infection (pimples, boils, abscesses) |
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Term
| Foodborne and Waterborne INTOXICATIONS |
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Definition
Botulism
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Clostridium food poinsoning
Bacillus cerus food poinsoning |
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Term
| Foodborne and Waterborne INFECTIONS |
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Definition
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Cholera
E. Coli
Peptic Ulcers
Campylobacterosis
Listeriosis
Brucellosis |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Salmonella typhi
Reservoir: only humans
Transmission: Flies, food, fingers, feces, fomites |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms: high fever, continual headahce,fever declines and diarrhea appears |
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Term
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Definition
| Recovered patients of Typhoid Fever become chronic carriers because they harbor the microbe in their __________ |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Salmonella enterica and its serotypes
Reservoir: Intestinal tracts of humans and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection of the intestinal tract |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms: Diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea and vomiting, some people can have no symptoms at all |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a syndrome manifested byy waves of intense abdominal cramps and frequent passage of small-volume, bloody mucoid stools |
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Term
Shigella dysenteriae
shigella sonnei |
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Definition
Tropical area disease:______________
U.s. diarrhea: _____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Transmission: Humans ingest the organism from feces or contaminated water. Sometimes from vegetables, eggs, shellfish, and dairy products |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: vibrio cholerae
Resevoir: contaminated water or food such as raw oysters
Virulence Factors: produces an enterotoxin |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms: extensive diarrhea, rice-water stools, sudden loss of fluid and electrolytes causes shock, collapse, and often death. |
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Term
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Definition
| There is a seventh world wide pandemic of ___________ still going on today |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: E. Coli Diarrheas
Characteristics: watery diarrhea typical traveler's diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Peptic Ulcers
Characteristics: adapted to survive in stomach |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Campylobacterosis
Characteristics: Gastroenteritis from raw milk |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Listeriosis
Characteristics: Main danger to fetus, transmitted contaminated food |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Brucellosis
Characteristics: Undulant fever. Animal workers |
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Term
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Definition
Agent:Escherichia coli
Reservoir: One of the most prolific microorganisms in humans and other animals intestinal tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| Virulence Factors: Pathogenic strains have specialzed fimbriae that allows them to bind to certain intestinal epithelial cells can be ENTEROTOXIC or ENTEROINVASIVE |
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Term
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Definition
| (non-invasive) produce a enterotoxin similar to cholera which induces fluid loss in small intestine. |
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Term
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Definition
| penetrate the intestinal epithelium, as in shigellosis, which primarily damages the large intestines |
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Term
| Traveler's Diarrhea (Montezuma's revenge) |
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Definition
| Victims experience diarrhea within 2 weeks of traveling and the diarrhea lasts from 1 up to 10 days. |
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Term
Peptic Ulcer
Ammonia and carbon dioxide |
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Definition
Agent: helicobacter pylori
Virulence factors: able to survive intense acidity of the stomach, secretes enzyme urease, which splits urea into ____________ and ____________. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be determined by a breath test |
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Term
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Definition
Agent: Campylobacter jejuni
Reservoirs: intestinal tracts of many animals including dairy cattle, chickens and turkey. Effects poultry |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by headaches, stiff neck, delirium and coma |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes produces a protein that, anchored in the cell wall and cell membrane, allows bacterial cells to adhere to teh pharyngeal tissue. This protein is called: |
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Term
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Definition
| A 1 year old female was hospitalized with fever, lethargy and rash. Gram-negative, oxidase-positive cocci were cultured from her cerbrospinal flued. Her symptoms were caused by: |
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Term
| Waterhous-Friderichson syndrome |
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Definition
| In some cases of meningococal meningitis, hemorrhagic lesion form in the adrenal glands, causing hormonal imbalance. This condition is called: |
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Term
| usually acquired in the hospital |
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Definition
| Nosocomial infections are those that are: |
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Term
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Definition
| Legionarrie's disease is characterized by a gram-___________, ________. |
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Term
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Definition
| The agent of primary atypical pneumonia is: |
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Term
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Definition
| Cases of legionnaire's disease have been linked to bacteria which |
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Term
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Definition
| a rickettsial disease associated with livestock animals |
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Term
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Definition
| Penicillin is useless for the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia because the causitive organism |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| _______________ does not produce a toxin |
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Term
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Definition
| A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains and fluid in the alveoli. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has |
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Term
| a skin rash on the palms and soles |
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Definition
| The diagnosis of tuberculosis is aided by |
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Term
| diptheria and scarlet fever |
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Definition
| Bacteriophages have been located in a lysogenic relationship with the causative organisms of |
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Term
| respiratory disease in compromised patients |
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Definition
| serratia marcescens is currently considered to be a cause of |
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Term
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Definition
| A child suffering from repeated bouts of a violent, high pitched cough is brough to her physican who will diagnose her infection as |
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Term
strep throat
scarlet fever
puerperal fever |
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Definition
| Streptococcus pyogenes causes these diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and damages the capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| A pleomorphic organism with no cell wall that causes a type of pneumonia is |
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Term
| gram-negative diplococci in spinal fluid |
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Definition
| An important principal criterion form the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis is |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism commonly present in air and soil that has been a concern with cooked rice that has been standing at room temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Clostridium perfringens has recieved notoriety in recent years as an important |
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Term
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Definition
| Brucellosis is an occupational hazard of those qho |
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Term
| the person is intoxicated rather than infected |
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Definition
| Antibiotics are of no value in treating botulism because |
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Term
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Definition
| Poultry products are a likely source of infection by |
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Term
| replacement of lost fluids |
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Definition
| The important consideration in treating patients who have bacterial dysentery is |
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Term
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Definition
| The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is probably |
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Term
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Definition
| No diarrhea can compare with the extensive diarrhea associated with |
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Term
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Definition
| most gastrointestinal infections are treated with |
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Term
| can be immunized against it |
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Definition
| Travelers to cholera regions of the world |
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Term
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Definition
| the _____________ enterotoxin is produced in the human intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| After recovery from typhoid fever, the carriers may harbor the organism in their |
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Term
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Definition
| The last pandemic of Asiatic cholera is |
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Term
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Definition
| extra-chromosomal elements that contain drug-resistant genes |
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Term
| inhibiting the release of acetylcholine |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Probably the most potent toxin known is produced by |
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Term
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Definition
| H. pylori can be detected by which of the following methods: |
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Term
| educate people to methods of sanitation and personal hygiene |
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Definition
| One of the most important factors in controlling foodborne and waterborne disease is to |
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Term
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Definition
| The antibiotic ceftriaxone is used to treat |
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Term
| Salmonilla enterica serotypes |
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Definition
| disease that can be spread by household pets like ducks, tortoises and iguanas |
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Term
| Salmonilla enterica serotypes |
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Definition
| disease that can be spread by household pets like ducks, tortoises and iguanas |
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