Term
| Exs of Class 1 Exotoxins ? |
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Definition
| Superantigens like TSST-1 (Staph Aureus) |
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Term
| Superantigens produce a lot of what two cytokines ? |
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Definition
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Term
| NIH thinks what percentage of infections are due to biofilms ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacteria evade macrophages and leukocytes by using PVL (Panton-Valentine-Leukocidin) ? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does L. Monocytogenes do host invasion ? |
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Definition
| Uses Internalin A to cause membrane shuffling (host cell cytoskeleton rearrangement) |
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Term
| 4 categories of antifungals ? |
|
Definition
P N E E
Polyenes (like Amphoteracin B)
Nucleic Acid synthesis inhibitors
Ergosteron biosynthesis inhibitors (ex: Azoles and Allyamines)
Echinocandins |
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Term
| Exs of Class 3 Exotoxins ? |
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Definition
All act "Intracellulary"
Have an A (catalytic domain) and B (binding subunit)
Exs: Diptheria toxin, Cholera toxin, Botulinum and Tetanus toxins |
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|
Term
| Toxins that are ADP-ribosylators ? |
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Definition
| Diptheria toxins and Cholera toxin |
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Term
| 2 most common toxin structures ? |
|
Definition
AB - Single gene encodes single peptide
Ex: Diptheria toxin
A5B - Two genes encode A & B subunits
Ex: Cholera toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
Inactivated toxin
Still "antigenic but do not cause disease" |
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|
Term
| What is transmissibility ? |
|
Definition
Number of organisms shed and period of time shed for
Lower infectious dose means higher transmissibility |
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|
Term
| Non-communicable disease use what 2 methods of transmission ? |
|
Definition
Environment transmission
Zoonotic (arthropod) transmission |
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|
Term
| Food, water, contaminated soil are exs of vehicles or vectors ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What % of infectious diseases caused by viruses ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Viral infections cause or contribute to what % of all human cancers ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where in cell are virus proteins made ? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Endotoxins produced by only Gram - bacteria, are heat stable, and non-specific in attacking hosts. ( T or F ?) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Capsid (protein coat) found in all viruses ? |
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Definition
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Term
| Icosahedral capsid symmetry for a virus is in what numerical arrangement ? |
|
Definition
20 facets
12 vertices
5:3:2 symmetry |
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Term
| Naked virus is one that has: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Hand washing is more effective than alcohol in eliminating viral envelopes ?
True or False ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of neuraminidase ? |
|
Definition
| Is a surface "spike" on viral envelope....aids in release of virus from host cell |
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|
Term
| Exs of 3 virus families that are enveloped DNA viruses ? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Plaque assay tells you what ? |
|
Definition
| How many viable viral particle there are, not total # of particles |
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|
Term
| T or F, Plaque assay is based on CPEs ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do prions possess nucleic acids ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Infectious subviral particles that mostly have circular, ssRNA genomes.
Mainly cause plant diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viruses that invade other viruses |
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|
Term
| 5 stages of Viral Life Cycle ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pox viruses are an exception b/c |
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Definition
| Are dsDNA viruses that do replication and protein syn. in the cytoplasm |
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Term
| RNA-dependent RNA polymerase means ? |
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Definition
| You make RNA polymerase from a RNA genome |
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Term
| Most imp culture for detecting microbes ? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What do you look for when drawing a convalescent serum 3-6 weeks after the first serum ? |
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Definition
| A 4 fold or greater titer increase due to IgG |
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|
Term
| What to do if you miss acute titer ? |
|
Definition
| Draw a convalescent titer at the peak (3-6 weeks after start of infection) |
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|
Term
| A single positive antibody allows definitive confirmation for what 3 infections ? |
|
Definition
Lyme disease
HIV Infection
Hepatitis infections |
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|
Term
| Marker for acute infection ? |
|
Definition
| Rising and continuous IgM |
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|
Term
| 3 types of organisms that need prompt culture if specified by doc ? |
|
Definition
H A N
Haemophilus ducreyi
Anaerobes in regular transport tubes
Neisseria gonorrhoeae in joint fluid |
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|
Term
| A blood culture set is what ? |
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Definition
| A set = 1 aerobic and 1 anaerobic bottle per blood draw |
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