Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| brain, spinal cord, optic nerve, and retina |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Definition
| nerves projecting from brain and spinal cord, periphera ganglia, communicating nerves between peripheral ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
1. part f PNS
2. composed of sympathetic and autosympathic |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| chemical signals passed between neurons at synapses |
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Term
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Definition
1. each neuron is unique
2. numerous processes extending from cell body
3. dendrites carry impulses toward body
4. axons carry impulses away from body |
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Term
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Definition
1. have a cell body (soma, perikaryon)
2. nucleus, RER (Nissl substance), prominent Golgi, numerous mitochondria, well developed cytoskeleton, lots of euchromatin and prominent nucleolus
3. axons and dendrites have complex cytoskeleton of neurofilaments (10nm), microtubles, microfilaments |
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Term
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Definition
| pyramidal portion of soma that joins to axon, site where dendritic inputs are summed |
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Term
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Definition
1) soma to axon
2) driven by ATPase, microtubule-associated kinesin
3) slowly (~2mm/day; proteins and actin filaments)
4) rapidly (~200mm/day; mitochondria, vesicles) |
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Term
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Definition
1) axon to soma
2) driven by ATPase, microtubule-associated protein dynein
3) carries vesicles from axon terminus for reloading of neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
many dendrites and an axon or two
found in motor horn of spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
one dendrite and one axon
retina |
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Term
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Definition
axon and dendrite are essentially the same
neurons in dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
1. Central "butterfly" of grey matter
2. surrounded by white matter
3. central canal filled with CSF, lined by ependymal cells |
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Term
| Composition of grey matter |
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Definition
| abundance of neuron cell bodies, some myelin, and glia |
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Term
| Composition of white matter |
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Definition
| few neuron cell bodies, lots of myelin and glia |
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Term
| Composition of dorsal horn of spinal cord |
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Definition
| sensory neurons receiving sensory input from neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia and dendrites on end organs |
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Term
| Composition of ventral horns |
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Definition
| motor neurons sending out axons to innervate peripheral skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.isolates and insulates neuronal processes
2. produced by glia |
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Term
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Definition
-gaps between adjacent schwann cells
-axon only exposed here
-site where cytoplasm of one schwann cell ends and another one begins
-speeds conduction velocity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. myelinates CNS
2. can myelinate different processes of one or multiple neurons |
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Term
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Definition
1. produce myelin in PNS
2. can only myelinate a single process on indvidual cell |
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Term
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Definition
-produced by schwann cells
-found on exons of motor neurons and dendrites of sensory neurons
-made of schwann cell membrane
-grows by elongation of mesoaxon (sides of schwann cell that wrap around neuron) |
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Term
| Schmidt-Lanterman incisures |
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Definition
conical defects in myelin
filled with schwann cell cytoplasm to nourish myelin |
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Term
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Definition
1. slow conduction velocity
2. associated with several schwann cells but not wrapped around |
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Term
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Definition
-foot like processes from oligodendroglia associated with several different neurons
-have nodes of ranvier and multiple layers of myelin |
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Term
| Site of protoplasmic astrocytes |
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Definition
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Term
| Site of fibrous astrocytes |
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Definition
| astrocyte in white matter |
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Term
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Definition
-glial cell associated with blood vessels and neurons
-multiple foot processes define outer boundaries of epithelium by attaching to BM |
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Term
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Definition
-Restricts crossing of substances (drugs) from crossing blood vessel to brain
-tight junctions prevent diffusion
-astrocytes may play a role |
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Term
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Definition
-small pleomorphic phagocytes
-immune surveillance of CNS
-bone marrow derivative
-activated when BBB breached
-clean up debris from cell death and injury in CNS
-look flat |
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Term
| mononuclear phagocyte system |
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Definition
1.monocytes
2. microglia
3. macrophages (kupffer cells) |
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Term
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Definition
-surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
-functionally isolate and/or support neurons
-present in autonomic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| provide migratory pathways for developing neurons |
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Term
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Definition
-cuboidal-columnar cells that line lumen of CNS
-have apical cilia and microvilli |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized tissue that produces CSF |
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