Term
|
Definition
-tissue that covers the outer and inner surfaces of the body, with the exception of the joint cavities and anterior surface of iris
-continuous sheet that forms a boundary between underlying connective tissue and the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. exterior surfaces of body (skin)
2. internal closed cavities (abdominalm thoracic, pericardial)
3. body tubes that extend to exterior (gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary)
4. glands
5. vascular system
6. receptors of certain sensory organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. protection
2. selective barrier for exchange
3. secretion
4. absorption
5. sensory reception |
|
|
Term
| Characteristics of epithelium |
|
Definition
1. sheets of cells
2. no extracellular elements between them
3. specialized contacts between adjacent cells
4. polarized with apical and basal domains
5. avascular -receives nutrients from capillaries below BM
6. stem cells-can renew |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. simple or stratified
2. squamous, cuboidal, columnar
*in stratified, only shape of cells on surface layer used to categorize |
|
|
Term
| simple squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
1. lining of vascular system (endothelium)
2. lining of peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities (mesothelium)
3. pulmonary alveoli |
|
|
Term
| simple cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
1. proximal and distal tubules of kidney
2. glandular ducts
3. ovarian surface |
|
|
Term
| Function of simple squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
| barrier, exchange, lubrication |
|
|
Term
| Function of simple cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
| absorption, secretion, barrier |
|
|
Term
| simple columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
1. stomach
2. small intestine
3. large intestine
4. gallbladder |
|
|
Term
| Function of simple columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stratified squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
1. vagina
2. oral cavity
3. esophagus
1,2,3 - non-keratinized
4. skin (keratinized) |
|
|
Term
| Function of stratified squamous epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stratified cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
1. sweat gland ducts
2. large ducts of exocrine glands |
|
|
Term
| Functions of stratified cuboidal epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| stratified columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
1. male urethra
2. conjunctiva
3. excretory ducts of exocrine glands |
|
|
Term
| Function of stratified columnar epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pseudostratified epithelium |
|
Definition
*touches BM but looks stratified
1. trachea and bronchi (with goblet cells)
2. epididymis (with stereocilia)
3. olfactory epithelium (neuroepithelium) |
|
|
Term
| Functions of pseudostratified epithelium |
|
Definition
| secretion, absorption, conduit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stratified epithelium
lines urinary tract only
pillowy appearance |
|
|
Term
| Functions of transitional epithelium |
|
Definition
| barrier, distensible properties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensory function
1. taste buds
2. olfactory epithelium
3. retina (rods and cones)
4. inner ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
branched, stellate cells containing actin filaments
contractile
expel contents of exocrine glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes products into the blood and are ductless |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretes product onto epithelial surface usually via tubular ducts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unicellular gland that secretes mucin, which upon hydration form mucus. scattered in intestine and respiratory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
develop when epithelia invade underlying connective tissue
consists of secretory portion and duct portion. |
|
|
Term
| Kinds of multicellular glands |
|
Definition
1. simple (unbranched) or compound (branched)
2. tubular (tube) or alveolar/acinar (flasklike) |
|
|
Term
| Intestinal glands of Liberkuhn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple coiled tubular gland |
|
|
Term
| glands of stomach and uterus |
|
Definition
| simple tubular branched gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compund tubuloacinar gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.synthesize and secrete proteins
2. basophilic (stain purple)
3. present in exocrine pancreas and salivary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.synthesize and secrete mucin
2. plae staining mucus granules with flat nuclei at base.
3. present in salivary glands, respiratory tract, and GI tract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exocytosis of secretory vesicle with no loss of cellular material (most exocrine and endocrine glands) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exocytosis with loss of cytoplasm and membrane (mammary gland for lipid component of milk) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretion product is shed with entire cell (sebaceous gland--apoptosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.star-shaped cells that lie between glandular epithelium and basal lamina
2.communicate via gap junctions to coordinate contraction which squeezes contents of gland out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. motile, hairlike structures
2. 5-10 um, 0.2 um diameter
3. trachea, bronchi, oviducts
4. 9+2 microtubule arrangement
5. dynein act as molecular motor
5. anchored to basal bodies in cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. nonmotile, cytoplasmic fingerlike projections
2. 1-2 um, 0.08um diameter
3. maximize apical surface area
4. brush border in intestine and kidney tubules
5. made of actin filaments
6. attached to terminal web (horizontal network of myosin II and actin in apical cytoplasm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. branched, nonmotile microvilli in epididymus, vas deferens, and ear
2. 100 um long
3. can be connected to neighbors by cytoplasmic bridge
4. responsible for resporption of fluid secreted by testis.
5. part of sensory apparatus of ear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.immotile cilia syndrome--affect dynein arm proteins
2. difficulty moving mucus, infertility |
|
|
Term
| Functions of intercellular junctions |
|
Definition
1. adherence of adjoining cells
2. provide a barrier for diffusion between cells
3. communication |
|
|
Term
| Zona occludens (tight junction) |
|
Definition
1. a belt-like barrier device around lateral portion of cell
2. separate apical surface from basolateral environment
3. blocks paracellular (between cell) pathway |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1.proteins that bind transmembrane proteins of tight junctions to actin cytoskeleton
2. target of CHOLERA toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. adhesive device beneath zona occludens
2. dense plaque of proteins (actinin and vinculin) bind to ACTIN filaments in terminal web
3. 15-20 nm space with transmembrane protein (e-cadherin) that requires Ca++ to maintain junctional integrity |
|
|
Term
| macula adherens/desmosome |
|
Definition
1. spot weld found below zona adherens
2. cytoplasmic side has plaque with 10 nm intermediate filaments (tonofilaments) attached.
3. 20-30 nm intercellular space with adhesive glycoproteins
4. effectively crosslink cytoskeletons of adjacent cells--distribute mechanical stress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. half desmosomes
2. anchor cytoplasmic intermediate filaments
3. attach cell to BM by integrins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most epithelial cells attach cytoskeletal ACTIN filaments to BM via these |
|
|
Term
| junctional complex (terminal bar) |
|
Definition
| zona occludens, zona adherans, macula adherens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. non-adhesive connections between epithelial cells
2. allows for communication
3. separated by 2 nm gap bridged by connexons
4. connexon formed from 6 connexin proteins
5. allow exchange of ions, cAMP, GMP, and hormones (<1500 MW)
6. high Ca++ cause closure
7. functional coordination of smooth and cardiac muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. prominent in epithelia that transport fluid rapidly
2. intestine, gallbladder, kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. prominent in epithelia that transport fluid rapidly
2. proximal and distal kidney tubules and striated ducts of salivary glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. basal lamina
a. lamina lucida
b. lamina densa
2. reticular lamina |
|
|
Term
| components of lamina densa |
|
Definition
| laminin, fibronectin, type IV collagen, heparin sulfate proteogylcans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of lamina lucida that are attach fibronectin and laminin to the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secreted by underlying connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| reticular lamina components |
|
Definition
reticular fibers--fibrils of type III collagen
type VII collagen attaches basal lamina to reticular lamina |
|
|
Term
| basement membrane of glomeruli and lung alveoli |
|
Definition
| share common lamina densa with lamina rara on both sides |
|
|
Term
| functions of basement membrane |
|
Definition
1. support epithelium
2. attachment of epithelium to connective tissue
3. separation of epithelium from connective tissue
4. selective permeability barrier
5. polarity
6. affect signal transduction
7. regulate cell proliferation and differentiation via growth factors
8. scaffold for cell migration |
|
|
