Term
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Definition
| The site where the large DNA molecule us condensed into a packet. |
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Term
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Definition
| An elongate, hollow apendage used in transfers of DNA to other cells and in cell adhesion |
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Term
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Definition
| An extension of the cell membrane that folds into the cytoplasm and increases surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| pushes the cell forward and provides motility |
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Term
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Definition
| provide structural support and shape |
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Term
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Definition
| site of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| accessory structures of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| detecting and responding to chemical signals |
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Term
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Definition
1.filament- composed of proteins
2. hook
2. basal body |
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Term
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Definition
| material found in cell walls that helps make them rigid. |
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Term
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Definition
| material found in cell walls that helps make them rigid. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cell destruction |
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Term
| What does the Gram Stain do |
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Definition
| delineates two different groups of bacteria...gram positive cell wall and gram negative cell wall |
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Term
| L- forms (or L-phase variants) |
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Definition
| bacteria that ordinarily have a cell wall and lose it during part of their life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| a fragile cell bounded only by a membrane that is subject to lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| a fragile cell bounded only by a membrane that is subject to lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| a gram-negative cell whose peptidoglycan, when digested by lysozyme, remains intact but is osmotically vulnerable |
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Term
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Definition
| rigid tubular structure made of pilin protein, found only in gram negative cells |
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Term
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Definition
1. joint tubular structure made of pilin protein (conjugation)
2. adhesion |
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Term
| what are the four groups based on cell wall composition |
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Definition
1. gram positive cells
2. gram negative cells
3. bacteria w/out cell walls
4. bacteria w/ chemically unique cell walls |
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Term
| what does the cytoplasm do? |
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Definition
| serves as a solvent for materials used in all cell fxns. |
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Term
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Definition
| internal folds in the cytoplasm |
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Term
| 3 functions of the cell membrane |
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Definition
1. regulate transport (selectively permeable)
2. secretion of waste
3. house enzymes of respiration and atp synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell or organism lacking a membrane-bound, structurally discrete nucleus and other subcellular compartments. Bacteria are prokaryotes |
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Term
| major component of the cytoplasm |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| single, circular, double stranded dna molecule that contains all the genetic information required by the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| nonessential pieces of dna in bacteria |
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Term
| internal srtucture of the cell cytoplasm that provides protective traits such asresisting drugs and producing toxins and enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| site of protein synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| important source of building blocks for nucleic acid and atp synthesis |
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Term
| type of bacteria that best withstands hostile conditions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Resting, dormant cells
produced by some G+ genera: Clostridium, Bacillus & Sporosarcina |
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Term
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Definition
| return to vegetative growth |
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Term
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Definition
| return to vegetative growth |
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Term
| What are the three shapes of bacteria as dictated by the cell wall? |
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Definition
1.cocci - spherical
2.bacilli - rod
3.spiral - helical, comma, twisted rod, spirochete |
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Term
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Definition
| cells of the same species varying to some extent in shape and size |
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Term
| Schemes for organizing bacteria can be either _ or _. |
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Definition
| Phylogenetic, based on evolutionary relationships or phenetic, based on their morphology or chemistry. |
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Term
| 4 major taxonomic groups according to bergey. |
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Definition
1. gracilicutes
2. firmucutes
3. tenericutes
4. mendosicutes |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria w/ g-negative cell walls and are thin skinned |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria with g-positive cell walls and are thin skinned |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria that lacks a cell wall and are soft |
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Term
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Definition
| archaea, primitive procaryotes with unusual cell walls and nutritional habits |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of bacterial cells which share an overall similar pattern of traits in contrast to other bacteria whose pattern differs significantly |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture derived from a single parent that differs in structure or metabolism from other cultures of that species (biovars, morphovars) |
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Term
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Definition
| a subspecies that can show differences in antigenic makeup (serotype or serovar), susceptibility to bacterial viruses (phage type) and in pathogenicity (pathotype). |
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Term
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Definition
| cell groupings of multicellular organisms that have specific function |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that differs from a procaryotic cell by having a nuclear membrane, membrane-bounded organelles and mitotic cell devision |
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Term
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Definition
protozoa
microscopic algae and fungi
animal parasites |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost boundary or a protozoa that comes into direct contact with the environment |
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Term
| what is the glycolyx composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens in the nucleolus? |
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Definition
| RNA synthesis and it is a collection area for ribosomal aubunits |
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Term
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Definition
| flattened sacs is the golgi |
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Term
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Definition
| organelles found in algae and plant cells that are capable of converting the energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis |
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Term
| what are the 2 membranes of chloroplasts called? |
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Definition
1.Thylakoids which are stacked one on top of the other called grana.
2. strome- a ground substance which surrounds the thylakoids |
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Term
| 2 main types of cytoskeletal elements |
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Definition
| microfilaments and microtubules |
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Term
| 2 basic forms of microscopic fungi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a chain of yeasts formed when buds remain attached in a row |
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Term
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Definition
| long, threadlike cell found in the bodies of filamentous fungi, or molds |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of nutrition that relies on an organic nutrient cource...ALL FUNGI ARE HETEROTRPOHIC |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body or colony of a mold |
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Term
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Definition
| hyphae responsibel for the visible mass of growth that appears on the surface of a substrate and penetrates in to digest and absorb nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
| hyphae responsible for the production of fungal reproductive bodies called spores |
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Term
| 2 subdivisions of spores based on the way they arise |
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Definition
1. asexual-products of mitotic division of a single parent cell
2. sexual spores- formed through a process involving the fusing of two parental nuclei followed by meiosis |
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Term
| 2 subtypes of asexual spores |
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Definition
1. sporangiospores
2. conidia |
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Term
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Definition
| sturdy diploid spores when hyphae of two opposite strains fuse and create a diploid zygote that swells and becomes covered with strong, spiny walls |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid spores created inside a special fingal sac |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid sexual spores formed on the outside of a club-shped cell called the basidium |
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Term
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Definition
| common inhabitants of terrestial habitats |
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Term
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Definition
| primitive flamentous fungi that live primarily in water and may cause disease in potatoes and grapes |
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Term
| What makes up the kingdom protista? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large, floating community of microscopic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| feeding stage of the protozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| resting stage for protozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of genetic exchange in which members of two different mating typesfuse temporarily and and exchange micronuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| animals such as insects that carry certain diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| tapeworms, flukes and roundworms |
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Term
| 2 major groups of helminths |
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Definition
1.flatworms
2. roundworms |
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