Term
| What kind of count involves a serial dilution? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 environmental factors that affect bacteria growth. |
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Definition
| temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, oxygen availability, medium composition |
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Term
| 3 things that medium composition affects |
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Definition
| susceptibility to antibiotics, heat resistance, colony characteristics |
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Term
| What count? Counts all cells, living and dead, uses hemocytometer and miroscope. |
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Definition
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Term
| What count method? estimates weight of cells rather than number, involves centrifuging, counts all cells living and dead |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Number of organisms per milliliter of liquid culture or suspension |
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Term
| What count method? Bacterial sample is added to liquefied warm agar, bacteria are evenly distributed inside the agar. Bacteria grow on the surface and within the agar. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why don't some bacteria survive the pour plate method? |
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Definition
| The agar is too hot - 45C |
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Term
| What count method? Sample is spread on surface of agar --> bacteria are only on the surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| What UV wavelengths are effective for radiation? And which is the most effective for radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of bacteria can survive in the presence of oxygen but won't use it for metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much O2 is in the air? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the basal component of rich broth. |
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Definition
| Fluid Thioglycollate medium |
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Term
| 3 possible reducing agents in fluid thioglycollate medium |
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Definition
| cysteine, sodium thioglycollate, glutathione |
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Term
| Fluid thioglycollate medium contains __% agar... what is the significance of this? |
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Definition
| 0.5% ... not enough to solidify but supports and minimizes oxygen diffusion |
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Term
| Indicator used to detect the presence of Oxygen in fluid thioglycollate medium |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is fermentation a valuable tool in the identification of certain species of bacteria? |
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Definition
| It creates a variety of end products |
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Term
In citrate utilization reactions, what is the purpose of each component?
Simmons citrate agar :: citrate :: ammonium salts :: bromo blue |
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Definition
| Simmons: used to detect the reaction :: citrate: sole source of C :: Ammonium: sole source of N :: bromo blue: changes from green to blue when organism causes alkalinity |
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Term
| A positive citrate utilization test will produce ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Reduction potential becomes more positive/negative as the electron transport chain continues. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ shows gas production by inserting a smaller, upside down tube into a larger test tube with culture. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is used if it were important that we know the composition of gas |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiration or fermentation? presence of external electron acceptors |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiration or fermentation? carbon atoms of organic compounds are completely oxidized. |
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Definition
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Term
| In respiration, ATP is prodcued through ____. |
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Definition
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| More energy is released in respiration or fermentation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiration or fermentation? involves the ETC |
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Definition
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Term
| the end products of respiration are __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiration or fermentation? carbon atoms of organic compounds are only partially oxidized. |
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Definition
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Term
| in fermentation, ATP is produced through ____. |
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Definition
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Term
| sugar fermentation broth uses what dye? What color is it at neutral pH? What color is it at acidic pH? |
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Definition
| bromo blue :: green :: yellow |
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Term
| The Indole production test for ____. Indole is the intermediate in this compound's breakdown. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ test indicates the presence of the enzyme tryptophonase. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when you add Kovac's reagent to an Indole test? |
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Definition
| If it reacts with Indole, it turns red |
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Term
| What does the methyl red test test for? |
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Definition
| strong acid production from fermentation |
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Term
| The methyl red test turns red at pH ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| The methyl red test has a small/large acid:alcohol ratio? |
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Definition
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Term
| The methyl red test is used for what kind of bacteria? |
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Definition
| enteric -- intestinal or soil |
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Term
| What medium is used for the methyl red test? |
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Definition
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Term
| The methyl red tests for fermentation of ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ test indicates fermentation of glucose to 2,3-butandiol and ethanol. |
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Definition
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Term
| The VP test detects the presence of ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The VP test has a small/large acid:alcohol ratio. |
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Definition
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Term
| Small/Large amount of gas is produced in the VP test. |
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Definition
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Term
| The VP test involves adding ____ reagent and waiting for 20 min. A positive result is indicated by what? |
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Definition
| Barritts A and B -- red or pink color |
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Term
| 3 Tests that test for metabolic intermediates or end-products. |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 tests that test for the presence of specific enzymes |
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Definition
| Oxidase, Catalase, Urease, Cysteine |
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Term
| The Oxidase test determines if organisms have ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are hemoproteins that transfer electrons to acceptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___ test uses a dye that substitutes for oxygen as an artificial electron acceptor. |
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Definition
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Term
| Positive result for oxidase test |
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Definition
| If the dye is reduced, it turns a blue/black color |
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Term
| In the catalase test, Catalase converts ___ to __ and ___. |
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Definition
| hydrogen peroxide to H2O and O2 |
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Term
| What types of bacteria usually have catalase? |
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Definition
| facultative aerobes and obligate aerobes |
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Term
| How do you know if a catalase test is positive? |
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Definition
| Bubbles when H2O2 is present |
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Term
| The urease test determines the ability of organisms to? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ converts urea to ammonia |
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Definition
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Term
| positive result to a urease test |
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Definition
| if urease is present --> turns hot pink due to pH increase |
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Term
| The cysteine desulfurase test tests for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Medium used for cysteine desulfurase test? |
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Definition
| Klinger's iron agar (KIA slant) |
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Term
| Positive result for the cysteine desulfurase test. |
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Definition
| dark precipitate indicates H2S production :: yellow = positive fermentation |
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