Term
| What are the three layers that make up a blood vessel |
|
Definition
| Tunica intima, media and adventitia |
|
|
Term
| What cell type makes up the tunica intima endothelia in blood vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of a blood vessel contains basemement membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of blood vessel contains internal elastic lamina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of blood vessel contains external elastic lamina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of blood vessel does NOT contain collagen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color is collagen in a trichrome stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two things does the tunica adventitia contain that supplies vessels and nerves |
|
Definition
| vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of arteries |
|
Definition
| Elastic, muscular and arterioles |
|
|
Term
| Which arteries are considered elastic |
|
Definition
| aorta and its largest branches |
|
|
Term
| Which arteries are considered muscular |
|
Definition
| medium sized/distributers |
|
|
Term
| Which arteries are considered arterioles and what is their role |
|
Definition
| those with <5 layers of smooth muscle cells; regulate blood flow into capillaries |
|
|
Term
| How to arterioles regulate capillary blood flow |
|
Definition
| via pre-capillary sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What diffuses via capillaries? |
|
Definition
| oxygen, CO2 and nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Which is the most numerous type of vessel in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F A capillary is considered a vein |
|
Definition
| FALSE; neither artery or vein |
|
|
Term
| Which type of tissue do capillaries NOT supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of capillaries |
|
Definition
| continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous |
|
|
Term
| Which type of capillary does not have a COMPLETE basement membrane and why? |
|
Definition
| discontinuous- allows large molecules and cells to pass through gaps |
|
|
Term
| Which type of capillary has no gaps? |
|
Definition
| continous- EC joined by tight junctions |
|
|
Term
| Which tissues contain continuous capillaries |
|
Definition
| most; esp. muscle, brain and lungs |
|
|
Term
| Which type of capillary is found in intestine, glomeruli and endocrine glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tissues do discontinuous capillaries supply? |
|
Definition
| Liver, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, placenta |
|
|
Term
| Discontinuous capillaries are called _____________ in the liver and _____________ in other organs that they supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The thin endothelial cells in continuous capillaries allow transport of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F veins work in a high pressure system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the smallest type of veins and what do they lack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are venules lined with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of veins contain valves for one-way flow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of veins |
|
Definition
| venules, medium and large |
|
|
Term
| ____________ veins contain thin collagenous and elastic tunica media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ veins contain muscular tunica media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: veins can be identified easily in microscopy because they are always perfectly round |
|
Definition
| False- not always perfectly round |
|
|
Term
| Which type of cells make up the endocardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the endocardium increases with animal size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do heart valves contain |
|
Definition
| collagen, elastin and muscle |
|
|
Term
| What are heart valves covered in |
|
Definition
| endothelial/endocardial cells |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the heart is striated, uninucleated and contains intercalated disks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which tissue of the heart conducts impulses to myocardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do purkinje fibers have pale eosinophilic cytoplasms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many rings make up the cardiac skeleton and what type of tissue are they |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two other structures in the cardiac skeleton, other than the rings |
|
Definition
| fibrous triangle and septum |
|
|
Term
| Which species especially contains cartilagenous cardiac skeletons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species has osseous cardiac skeletons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the visceral pericardium also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the epicardium contain |
|
Definition
| adipose tissue, coronary arteries and mesothelium |
|
|
Term
| What heart structure is a thin collagen layer with mesothelium on both sides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may the pericardial sac contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: lymphatic vessels contain valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: lymphatic vessels contain erythrocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Capillaries in the lymphatic system function to_______ |
|
Definition
| pick up fluid, protein and cells from the interstitium |
|
|
Term
| What is different about capillaries particular to the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intestinal lacteals are _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest lymphatic vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphatic vessels empty lymph into large veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: lymphatic vessels are thick-walled |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: lymphatic capillaries may have absent basement membranes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Endothelial cells in lymphatic capillaries are______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two major components of cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which component of cartilage is the cellular component |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the matrix of cartilage made of (three items) |
|
Definition
| glycosaminoglycans, territorial and interterritorial matrix |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Cartilage contains no vessels or nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do nutrients enter cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: pain can be felt in cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two possible growth patterns in cartilage |
|
Definition
| appositional and interstitial |
|
|
Term
| Where does appositional growth in cartilage start |
|
Definition
| perichondrium (outer layer) |
|
|
Term
| Cartilage stem cells are made in the__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what animals will you find cartilage interstitial growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interstitial growth in cartilage expands from ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An isogenous group is define as ____________ |
|
Definition
| multiple cells in a cluster |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of cartilage |
|
Definition
| hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage |
|
|
Term
| Which type of cartilage is known as glassy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage is the fetal skeleton made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is hyaline cartilage found in an adult |
|
Definition
| articular surfaces of bone; nose, larynx, trachea |
|
|
Term
| Where is elastic cartilage found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two types of cartilage appear similar with routine stain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are elastic fibers found in elastic cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does special staining allow you to see in elastic cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two cell types make up fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
| chondrocytes and collagen |
|
|
Term
| Which type of cartilage contains chondrocytes in rows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of cartilage makes up IV disks, menisci and tendon/ligament-bone attachments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of stain should be used to see elastic and fibrocartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ are the cells that produce bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bone cells are polygonal and align in rows along bone surfaces |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do osteoblasts mineralize in order to produce bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___% of osteoblasts become embedded ______________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: osteocytes will clump and form isogenous groups |
|
Definition
| False- only one cell per lacuna |
|
|
Term
| How do osteocytes communicate between cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do osteoclasts come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: osteoclasts are multinucleated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure allows osteoclasts to remove bone and what does this structure secrete |
|
Definition
| brush/ruffled border that secretes enzymes which digest bone |
|
|
Term
| __________ is the name of the depression in bone formed by osteoclasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is bone matrix made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is bone matrix made of |
|
Definition
| hydroxyapatite crystal (calcium and phosphorus) |
|
|
Term
| What material gives bone its tensile strength |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is required to see collagen under a microscope |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of bone would be found during bone growth or repair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lamellar bone has _________ collagen fibers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cylinders of concentric lamellae |
|
|
Term
| What are located at the center of osteons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: blood vessels and nerves are found within Haversian canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (woven/lamellar) bone is stronger |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Both woven and lamellar bone can be classified as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________bone makes up cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bone is found in medullary cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _________bone contains more marrow than bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________bone contains minimal marrow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epiphysis is covered in ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure in the bone is considered the growth plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone structure's presence would indicate a growing animal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is metaphysis found |
|
Definition
| between diaphysis and epiphysis |
|
|
Term
| Which part of bone contains nutrient foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone marrow becomes increasingly ________ with age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are osteoprogenitor cells found |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer of bone is involved in repair and remodeling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of growth is found in flat bones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In endochondral ossification, what do bones begin as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three stages of cartilage becoming bone |
|
Definition
| grows, mineralizes then ossifies |
|
|
Term
| What makes up primary spongiosa |
|
Definition
| calcified cartilage and woven bone |
|
|
Term
| Lamellar bone is the single component of ____________ spongiosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ossification occurs in bones from condensed mesenchymal cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells become osteoblasts in intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: cartilage is involved in intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can new growth in bones be stimulated |
|
Definition
| any irritation of periosteum |
|
|
Term
| What determines bone density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can bone density be increased |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must precede bone deposition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of joints |
|
Definition
| synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses |
|
|
Term
| how are bones connected in synarthroses joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of joint makes up sutures of skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are amphiarthroses joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diarthroses are __________ joints |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are ends of bones covered by in diarthroses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What produces synovial fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two functions of synovial fluid |
|
Definition
| lubricate joint and provide nutrients to cartilage |
|
|
Term
| 5 basic Fxns of lymphatic system |
|
Definition
transport of materials
filtration of lymph and blood
phagocytosis of foreign material
production of defensive cells
production of Ig's |
|
|
Term
| 3 normal cellular components of lymph tissue |
|
Definition
| lymphocytes, plasma cells and antigen presenting cells |
|
|
Term
| What lymph tissue is found in GI, urogenital and resp. tracts |
|
Definition
| diffuse unencapsulated or dense unencapsulated |
|
|
Term
| Which type of lymphatic tissues contain lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages and are found in higher numbers in farm and other "outside" animals |
|
Definition
| diffuse unencapsulated or dense unencapsulated |
|
|
