Term
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Definition
| – A voluntary agreement between firms involving exchange, sharing, or co-developing of products, technologies, or services |
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Term
| Contractual (non-equity-based) Alliances |
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Definition
| – Alliances between firms that are based on contracts and do not involve the sharing of ownership |
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Term
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Definition
| – Alliances based on ownership or financial interest between firms |
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Term
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Definition
| – One firm invests in another as a strategic investor |
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Term
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Definition
| – both firms invest in each other to become cross-shareholders |
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Term
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Definition
| – transfer of the control of operations and management from one firm (target) to another (acquirer), the former becoming a unit of the latter |
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Term
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Definition
| – the combination of operations and management of two firms to establish a new legal entity |
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Term
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Definition
Antitrust concerns
Entry mode requirements |
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Term
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Definition
The normative pillar – collective norms
The cognitive pillar – internalized, taken-for-granted values and beliefs that guide alliances and acquisitions |
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Term
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Definition
| – An investment in real operations as opposed to financial capital |
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Term
| Relational (or collaborative) capabilities |
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Definition
| – capability to successfully manage inter-firm relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| – A situation in which alliance partners aim to outrun each other by learning the “tricks” from the other side as fast as possible |
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Term
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Definition
Reducing costs, risks, and uncertainties
Accessing complementary assets and learning opportunities
Possibilities to use alliances as real options |
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Term
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Definition
Choosing wrong partners
Potential partner opportunism
Risks of helping nurture competitors (learning race) |
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Term
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Definition
| – the difference between the acquisition price and the market value of target firms |
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Term
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Definition
| – the effective matching of complementary strategic capabilities between firms |
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Term
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Definition
| – the similarity in cultures, systems, and structures between firms |
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