Term
| describe the working conditions in the textile factories and coal mines during the industrial revolution |
|
Definition
long hours
poor ventilation
hazardous machinery
overuse of child and woman labor
poor lit working areas |
|
|
Term
| major movement in 19th century to improve worker conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
began in 1880s
workers realize strength they have when unified
sought improvements in working conditions and wages |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| enforces safety and health conditions in the work place |
|
Definition
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) |
|
|
Term
| to protect young workers, the EU enforces this directive |
|
Definition
| directive on the protection of young people at work |
|
|
Term
| How large is China's workforce? |
|
Definition
| 700 million (largest in the world) |
|
|
Term
| This competitor of apple has been in the news because of rising suicide rates and bad worker conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Nike do to ensure higher working standards in their factories across the world? |
|
Definition
| enacted a superior conduct code |
|
|
Term
| 5 types of executive compensation |
|
Definition
cash
bonuses
benifits
long term incentive plans
retirement packages |
|
|
Term
| large benefits that execs receive if they are fired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 2000, average executive compensations was ______ times greater than the average person's income |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| executive compensation rises ____________ with average worker compensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this act gave shareholders more power and control over executives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occupy wall street protestors are seeking |
|
Definition
better jobs
equal distribution of income |
|
|
Term
| the tendency for most people to describe themselves or their abilities as above average |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of comparing one's business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and/or best practices from other industries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the largest regulatory agency in the federal government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CO
NO2
SO2
Ozone
particulates
lead |
|
|
Term
| this gas is 23 times more dangerous than CO2 as a greenhouse gas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ of methane emissions come from anthropogenic sources, with ______ coming from natural sources |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these areas are responsible for the majority of natural global methane emissions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the percentage of fresh water to water on earth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1 in __ people lack access to safe water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layers of permeable rock in the ground from which groundwater can be extracted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ of India's urban waste ends up in lakes and rivers, making them highly dependent on groundwater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| feeds over 1000 lakes throughout Asia, and is the main water source for 47% of the world's pop. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased availability of ___________ and the growing road infrastructure lead to people moving away from the cities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first year people lived more in the suburbs than the cities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much oil does the US consume? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 reasons why people leave suburbia |
|
Definition
better public transits
better proximity to work
gridlock traffic |
|
|
Term
| this program operated through the US dep of Housing and Urban development, is the largest insurer of mortgages in the world, ensuring over 34 million properties since its inception in 1934 |
|
Definition
| Federal Housing Administration |
|
|
Term
| greatest tax incentive for owning a home |
|
Definition
| mortgage interest deduction |
|
|
Term
| problem with battery cars |
|
Definition
challenging technology
consume large amounts of resources |
|
|
Term
| only way to slow the oil depletion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| involves a company's collusive with its competitor in an illegal nature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| three main businesses conspiracies |
|
Definition
bid rigging
price fixing
division of markets |
|
|
Term
| the fact that business conspiracies are made illegal in countries other than the US is an example of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eliminates the free choice of customers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| price fixing is illegal as a result of this act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 ways companies fix prices |
|
Definition
high
stabilized
discounted
fixed |
|
|
Term
| when personal feelings impact business decisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| linkages among corps created by individuals who sit on two or more corporate bords |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two companies investigated by the FTC for anti-trust business |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Goldman sachs short sold their clients by selling them these |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supreme court judge investigated for failing to report his wife's income from parties involved in a supreme court case |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Collages investigated for accepting commisons from abroad schools, accepting free overseas trips to institutions,
and signing exclusive agreements that cut out competitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 key players within the government stakeholder |
|
Definition
FDIC
WaMu
IRS
Maria Cantwell |
|
|
Term
| what two things back up our opinion of morality in business? |
|
Definition
post-materialistic values
14th amendment |
|
|
Term
| determines whether a bank can withstand a severe recession |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| theory that has more public acceptance today and should be used when looking at WaMu case |
|
Definition
| Theory of morality over amorality |
|
|
Term
| over a period of 10 days how much money was taken out of WaMu |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WaMu experienced several mergers and acquisitions between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| major hedge funds have been accused of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the wamu case represents which BGS models |
|
Definition
countervailing forces
stakeholder |
|
|
Term
| Earth's ecosystems cannot adapt to a _____ ave increase in temp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most risky response to climate change |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this day marked the beginning of the modern environmental movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the main goal of the Kyoto protocol |
|
Definition
| reduce emissions by 5.2% from the 1990 base level |
|
|
Term
| why did some counties see the kyoto protocol as unfair and initially opt out? |
|
Definition
| developing countries didn't have to reduce emissions |
|
|
Term
| difference between copenhagen and the kyoto protocol targets |
|
Definition
copenhagen set targets unilaterally
kyoto set targets on country by country basis |
|
|
Term
| 3 mechanisms the Kyoto protocol provided to enable developed countries to meet emissions targets |
|
Definition
joint implementation
clean development mechanism
international emissions trading |
|
|
Term
| this system neutralizes the total greenhouse gases emissions and makes sure it stays within the cap |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the next climate change conference? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| affirmative action hope to provide opportunities for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this legislation first demonstrated the US govt commitment to equal opportunity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the main issue in the Grutter vs Bollinger case |
|
Definition
| race was being considered a factor in admissions |
|
|
Term
| this prop banned discrimination and preferential treatment in admissions for public universities and as a result, increased African American graduation rates |
|
Definition
| california proposition 209 |
|
|
Term
| this act prohibits pay differences between male and female workers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two arguments for affirmative action |
|
Definition
provide opportunity
alleviates poverty |
|
|
Term
| when individuals are placed in situations that are beyond their ability to succeed in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this initiative outlaws preferential treatment and discrimination in public employment, education, and contracting |
|
Definition
| washington initiative 200 |
|
|
Term
| philosophy, study of what's right and worng |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cultural norms, values, principles that yield right vs wrong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asks is the allocation/distribution fair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is fair, not wright or wrong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| asks how fair are the principles used to arrive at a decision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| certain cultures are superior not just different |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| business is held to a different set of standards than the rest of society |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| everyone is held to the same standards |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| paid bribes to politicians and executives in Japan (48 million). Argued they had a superior product and had to bribe. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does religion provide guidance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the bible still applicable today? |
|
Definition
| interpretations of parables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greek ethics spell out your roles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moral law is higher than human law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spelled out virtues of character |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| be good for life after death |
|
|
Term
| demonstrates the different ethical approach between nations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how severe is the crime, how many people were effected, was it intentional |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| basic features of ethics programs |
|
Definition
set up standards
communicate standards
oversight at high levels
screen criminals
hotline
enforce standards
improve system |
|
|
Term
| ethics programs evolved from |
|
Definition
defense scandals in 1980's
nursing home scandals in 1990's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Golden rule
Organization first
Theory of justice
Utilitarian Ethic
Conventionalist
Kant-Categorial Imperative
Proportionality ethic
Equal freedom
Rights ethic
Disclosure rights
Intuition ethic
Ends-mean ethic
Mean (Doctrine of the)
Might = right
GO TUCK PER DIEMM |
|
|
Term
| created by germen philosopher Immanuel Kant in 1785, test of universalizability (what if everyone did it?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| created by Albert Z Car in 1968, book business is a game, if it doesn't break the law... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how would you like it if your behavior was made public? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| created by aristotle, nichomachean ethics 384-322 BCE, value through moderation, highlight extremes and try to find a middle ground |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1513, Machiavelli the prince, italian philosopher |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| treat others the way you want to be treated, would you be willing to switch places with those whom your actions affect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you know right from wrong in your gut, you use both passion and logic in making decisions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you will do this because I have more power than you |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loyal to the needs of the organization over your own, more likely among veteran generation (born before 46), stronger yet in asia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
64-80
slackers, more divorce
latchkey kids (women enter workforce again) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you have maximal freedom until your freedom deprives the freedom of another, herbert spencer 1850, rival of darwin who coins the phrase "survival of the fittest" |
|
Definition
| principle of equal freedom |
|
|
Term
| weigh good and evil consequences of a decision, person is ethical if good effects outweigh evil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
each person has rights and entitlements that others have a duty to respect...
natural rights: inferred from reason and the study of human nature
legal rights: protected by law |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
"fairness"
retributive or compensatory
capitalism is bringing people out of poverty
55% of the people support occupy wall st. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
created by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
greatest good for the greatest number of people
best for stakeholders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is ethics related to brain activity? |
|
Definition
| one part of the brain is associated with making decisions, and you need emotions to make decisions |
|
|
Term
| why did HP CEO Mark Hurd get fired? |
|
Definition
| lying to board, falsified expense reports |
|
|
Term
| where do rules come from? |
|
Definition
| society, soft law, government, management |
|
|
Term
| whats the difference between independent, inside and outside board member? |
|
Definition
independent- no interest in company
inside- works for company
outside- outside interest in company |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
industrialization leads to managerial capitalism
railroads and large cap co. led to stock market |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interest of stockholders
salaried managers have other interests |
|
|
Term
| document that spells out rights and regulations of corporations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the responsibilities of ab agent to protect the interests of parties they represent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| corporations own internal policies and rules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| buy back stock within 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| North Dakota and Delaware special, why? |
|
Definition
Delaware- lenient towards corporations
ND- anti delaware, model citizens, way for corps to show they are responisble |
|
|
Term
| theoretical flow of corporate power |
|
Definition
federal and state regulations (over)
shareholders (over)
board (over)
CEO |
|
|
Term
| actual flow of corporate power |
|
Definition
CEO (over)
Board (over)
Sharegolders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
audit
compensation
nominating
corporate governance
stock options |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ave size 7-15
min of 3
1 yr tenure by vote
ave director sits on 1 or 2
less than 5% of directors are on 5 or more boards
87% of directors are independent
typical is 1 insider (CEO) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sell their stock
vote to elect directors and other corporate issues
receive info about the corp
receive dividends
sue the directors and officers if they commit wrongful acts
acquire residual assets in case of bankruptcy |
|
|
Term
| how do shareholder resolutions work |
|
Definition
sponsors must own 2000$ plus of shares for at least one year
may not submit more than one resolution per year
resolution cannot exceed 500 words
shareholders must appear at the meeting
resolution must get 3% of vote to be resubmitted the next year, 6% another year, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
securities act of 1933: requires companies to register securities and provide financial statements
securities exchange act of 1934: created the SEC
securities are also regulated by treasury and federal reserve
Shabanes-Oxley of 2002
Dodd-Frank of 2010 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
audit effects:
no longer can do consulting while working on books
rotate every 5 years
audit committee on the board must have independant directors
board effects:
no personal loans for board members
board is subject to fines--civil and criminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
five new agencies created with the intention of financial regulations
330 new rules to be made |
|
|
Term
| long term stock based incentives |
|
Definition
backdating (before the date granted)
springloading (grant options before some good news)
performance shares (based on performance)
restricted stock (can't be sold until certain conditions are met |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
run for profit
follow the law
be run ethically
correct adverse social im pacts they cause
responsibility varies by company
comply with the social contract
be run with transparency and accountability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
18 million effected
500k impaired vision
270k blind
37% of Cameroon
14% of nigeria |
|
|
Term
| Corporate Social responsibility |
|
Definition
| the duty of a corp to create wealth in ways that avoid harm to, protect, or enhance social assets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce goods in a manner that protects resources for future generations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cost of an enterprise borne out by society |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an accounting of a firm's economic, social, and environmental performance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| business is socially responsible if it maximizes profits within the confines of the law |
|
|
Term
| Carnegie's social darwinism argument |
|
Definition
| strong survive- don't throw it off by donating |
|
|
Term
| three themes of progressive era |
|
Definition
managers are trustees, as agents of a corp, have power over stakeholders beyond just the company
balance across stakeholders
service principle: if business is successful, society is successful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
20s: corps find a way to give
40s: foundations set up
50s: arguments for CSR emerge
60s: civil rights and consumerism
70s: environmentalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
market actions: prius
mandated actions: laws
voluntary actions: companies create own (prevent laws and strategize) |
|
|
Term
| multistakeholder initiative |
|
Definition
| code based form of civil regulation created by some combination of corporate, government, NGO or international organization actors. Ex. a given corporation might have its own code to please a variety of groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| promise to pay fair, sell at same price, pay suppliers the same, trading/using products that are made/developed under sustainable needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disability adjusted life year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
clean up
extreme costs
didnt even work well |
|
|
Term
| 4 ideas supporting humans to conquer nature |
|
Definition
dualism (separate and superior)
progress
capitalism (land as commodity)
Utilitarianism (do whats best for the most, even if it depletes the environment) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
since 1875 global temp up 1.1F but 22.2 in arctic regions
possibly free of ice by 2040
polar bear weight down 150lbs since 1970s
Alaska sea ice was 20-30 minutres from shore... now 300 miles |
|
|
Term
| sustainability at milliport |
|
Definition
eco footprint
sustainability heirarchy
emissions targets=an absolute target(regardless of economic growth) vs an intensity target adjusted target per amount of $ spent |
|
|
