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| global corporate citizenship |
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Definition
| refers to putting an organization's commitment to social and environmental responsiblikty into practice worldwide, not only locally or regionally. |
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| one way that many businesses carry out their citienship mision is to think creatively about how to develop products and services that meet the needs of the world's poor |
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| fits the setting in which the company is working for. |
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| deparment of corporate citizenship |
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| to centralize under common leadership wide ranging corporate citizenship functions. |
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| at this stage, citizenship is undeveloped. Managers are uninterested and uninvolved in social issues. At this stage, companies obey the law, they do not move into compliance. Companies tend to be defensive; they react only when threaten. Communication with stake holders is one way, from company to stakeholder. |
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| companies typically become aware of changing public expectations and see the need to maintain their license to operate. |
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| at this stage, organizations may become aware that they lack the capacity to carry out commitments, prompting a wave of structural innovation. |
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| companies see the need to build more coherent initatives. |
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| the fifth and highest stage in the model. Companies at thisstage have visionary leaders and are motivated by a higher sense of corporate purpose. |
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| a systematic evaluation of an organization's social, ethical and environmental performance. |
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| many businesses asses the social benefits and costs through their social performance audit |
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| introduced by two professors robert kaplan and david norton, this is a focused set of key financial and nonfinancial indicators, with four quadrants or perspectives-internal business processes, learning and growth, customer and financial. |
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| the measurement of an organization on the basis of its economic results, environmental impact and contribution to social well being. |
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| is a plan of action undertaken by govt officials to achieve some broad purpose affecting a substantial segment of a nation's citizens. |
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| refers to the policies that affect the suply, demand and value of a nation's currency. |
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| is a primary way of accomplishing public policy |
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| the marketplace fails to adjust prices for the true costs of a firm's behavior. |
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| where a concentration of the market is acquired by a few firms due to the nature of the industry rather than because of company practices. |
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| aim to modify the normal operation of the free market and forces of supply and demand. antitrust laws prohibit unfiar, anticompetitive practices by businesses |
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| the practice of selling below cost to drive rivals out of business. |
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| are aimed at such important social goals as protecting consumers and the environment and providing workers with safe and healthy working conditions. |
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| is the removal or scaling down of regulatory authority and regulatory activites of government. |
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| increase or expansion of govt regulation, esp in areas where the regulatory activites had previously been reduced. |
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| corporate political strategy |
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| involves the "activites taken by organizations to acquire, develop and use power to bobtain an advantage." This advantage may involve for example, changing or not changing a particular allocation of resources such as government support for a project supported by business. |
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| where businesses seek to provide government policymakers with infrormation to influence their actions, such as lobbying. |
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| financial incentives strategy |
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| where businesses provide incentives to influence government policymakers to act in a certain way, such as making a contribution to a political action committee that supports the policy maker. |
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| many companies hire full time representatives in DC, state capitals or local cities to keep abreast of developments that may affect the company, and when neccessary to communicate with govt officials. |
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| businesses sometimes hire former govt officials as lobbyists and political advisers. These individuals bring with them their personal connections |
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| one of the most effective organizations promoting direct communications between business and policymakers. |
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| political action committes |
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| are independently incorporated organizations that can solicit contributions and then channel those funds to canidates seeking political office. |
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| occurs when a business uses its economic power to threaten to leave acity, state or country unless a desired political action is taken. |
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| focus on a particular product or service, like most ads, but rather on a company's views on controversial political issues. They are also called issue advertisements, can appear in newspapers, tv, or in other media outlets |
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| coalitions of companies in the same or related industries-to coordinate their grassroots mobilization campaigns. Ex of this include National realtors associations, national federation of independent business. |
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| unlimited contributions to the national political parties by individuals or organizations for party building activiites. |
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| named after their provision in the tax code. These organizations provide potential contributors with a new and legal way to influence the election of a canidate or bring attention to a political issue. |
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| is a shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people use collectively. |
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| are the legal owners of business corporations. By purchasing shares of a company's stock, they become part owners. |
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| are people who directly own shares of stock issued by companies. |
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| such as pensions, mutual funds, insurance companies and university endowments, also own stock. Ex. mutual funds such as fidelity and pensions such as California public employees retirement system buy stock on behalf of their vinvestors or members. |
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| those not attending are given an opportunity to vote by bsentee ballot |
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| refers to the process by which a company is controlled or governed |
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| plays a central role in corporate governance. The board of directors is an elected group of individuals who have a legal duty to establish corporate objectives, develop board policies, and select top level personnel to carry out these objections and policies. |
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| sometimes called social responsibility investment. REfers t o the use of stock ownership as a strategy for promoting social objectives. |
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| social responsibility sharholder resoltuions |
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| a resolution on an issue of corporate social responsibility placed before stock holders for a vote at the company's annual meeting. |
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| may be initiated to check many abuses, including insider trading, an inadequate price obtained for the company's stock in a buyout or lush executive pension benefits. |
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| securities and exchange commission |
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| eestablished in 1934 in the wake of the stok market crash and the great depression, its mission is to protect stockholders' rights by making sure that stock markets are run fairly and that investment information is fully disclosed. |
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| ocurs when a person gains access to confidential info aobout a company's financial condition adn then uses that information, before it becomes public knowledge , to buy or sell the company's stock. |
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| organized, collective efforts by consumers to safeguard their own rights in many nations. |
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| safeguards reflect the goals of govt policymakers and regulators in the context of the five rights of consumers outlined above. |
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| illegal in most countries. Manufacturers may not make false or misleading claims about their own product or a competirtor's product, withhold relevant info ro create unreasonable expectations. |
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| a consumer's right to be protectedfrom the unwanteeed collection and use of info about that individual for use in marketing. |
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| refers to the legal responsibility of a firm for injuries caused by something it made or sold. |
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| alternative dispute resolution |
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| a promising approach to resolving product liability conflicts without going to court. |
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| refers to "all the measures an organization takes to assure quality". |
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| occurs when a company, either voluntarily or under an agreement wth a govt agency takes back all items found to be dangerously defective. |
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| refers to the increasing movement of goods, services and capital across national borders. It is an ongoing series of interrelated events. |
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| foreign direct investment |
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| occurs when a company, individual or fund invests money in another country for example, buying shares of stock in or lending money to a foreign firm. |
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| international financial and trade institutions |
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| institutions, such as the world bank, international monetary fund, world trade organization, that establish the rules by which international commerce is conducted. |
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| international monetary fund |
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| founded at the same time as the bank. Purpose is to make currency exchange easier for member countries tso they can participate in global trade. |
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| promote free trade, that is to eliminate barriers to trade among nations, such as quotas, duties, and tariffs. |
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| was set up in 1944 near the end of WWII to provide economic development loans to its member nations. Its main motivation at that time was to help rebuild war torn ecnomoies of europe Today it is toen of the larges t sources of economic development assitstance; it provided almost 25 billion in loans in 208 for loans, dams, power plants, and other infrastructure projects as well as education, health, etc. |
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| based on the principle of voluntary association and exchange. In such a system, people with goods and services to sell take them voluntarily to the marketplace, seeking toexchange them for money or other goods or services. |
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| in which economic power is concentrated in the hands of government offiials and polticial authorities. The central government owns the property that is used to produce goods and services. |
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| beleives that when transnational corporations operate according to strong moral principles they can become a force for positive change in other nations where they operate. |
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| comprises nonprofit, educational, religious, commuity, and interest group organizations that is social organizations that do not haeve a commercial or governmental purpose. |
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