Term
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Definition
| the arousal, direction, and persistence of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the satisfaction received in the process of performing an action |
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Term
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Definition
| a reward given by another person |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people |
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Term
| hierarchy of needs theory |
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Definition
| a content theory that proposes that people are motivated by five categories of needs-- physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization-- that exist in a hierarchical order |
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Term
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Definition
| a modification of the needs hierarchy theory that proposes three categories of needs: existence, relatedness and growth |
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Term
| frustration-regression principle |
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Definition
| the idea that failure to meet a high-order need may cause a regression to an already satisfied lower-order need |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that involve the presence or absence of job dissatisfiers, including working conditions, pay, company policies, and interpersonal relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| factors that influence job satisfaction based on fulfillment of high-level needs such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, and opportunity for growth |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of theories that explain how employees select behaviors with which to meet their needs and determine whether their choices were successful |
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Term
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Definition
| a process theory that focuses on individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated relative to others |
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Term
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Definition
| a situation that exists when the ratio of one person's outcomes to inputs equals that of another's |
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Term
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Definition
| a process theory that proposes that motivation depends on individuals' expectations about their ability to perform tasks and receive desired rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| expectancy that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance |
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Term
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Definition
| expectancy that successful performance of a task will lead to the desired outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| the value or attraction an individual has for an outcome |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation theory in which specific, challenging goals increase motivation and performance when the goals are accepted by subordinates and these subordinates receive feedback to indicate their progress toward goal achievement |
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Term
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Definition
| a motivation theory based on the relationship between a given behavior and its consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of techniques by which reinforcement theory is used to modify human behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the assumption that positively reinforced behavior tends to be repeated, and unreinforced or negatively reinforced behavior tends to be inhibited |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that causes a given behavior to be repeated or inhibited |
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Term
| schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| the frequency with which and intervals over which reinforcement occurs |
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Term
| continuous reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| a schedule in which every occurrence of the desired behavior is reinforced |
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Term
| partial reinforcement schedule |
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Definition
| a schedule in which only some occurrences of the desired behavior are reinforced |
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Term
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Definition
| the application of motivational theories to the structure of work for improving productivity and satisfaction |
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Term
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Definition
| a job design whose purpose is to improve task efficiency by reducing the number of tasks a sing person must do |
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Term
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Definition
| a job design that systematically moves employees from one job to another to provide them with variety and stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| a job design that combines a series of tasks into one new, broader job to give employees variety and challenge |
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Term
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Definition
| a job design that incorporates achievement, recognition and other high-level motivators into the work |
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Term
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Definition
| the altering of jobs to increase both the quality of employees' work experience and their productivity |
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Term
| job characteristics model |
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Definition
| a model of job design that comprises core job dimensions, critical psychological states, and employee growth-need strength |
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Term
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Definition
| the delegation of power and authority to subordinates |
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