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| Molybdenum and /or Chromium, Nickel, Manganese additions |
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| Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum |
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| High Strength –Silicon, Nickel, Chromium, Manganese, Molybdenum |
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| Most steels contains > __% iron |
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| All ___ contain iron and carbon. |
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| most steel has between __% and __ % carbon. |
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| Steel w/ less ___ is more flexible (ductile) than high carbon steel, but is weaker |
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| As the carbon content increases, so do ___, ___, and ___. |
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| strength, hardness, and brittleness |
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| __ dissolves the carbon when steel is made |
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| __% carbon is the most that can be dissolved in the iron. |
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| When the carbon content of the steel is 1%>, 3 digits are needed to describe the __ content. |
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| Carbon, manganese, and nickel are added to steel to increase ___. |
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| ___ or ___ may be added to obtain better corrosion resistance or resistance to atmospheric conditions. |
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| is added to still for better machinability. |
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| are added to steel to obtain better physical properties at high temp. |
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| ____ steel has special qualities: increased strength, corrosion resistance, and the ability to resist wear at high temps |
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| most common type of steel |
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| less expensive than alloy steel |
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| the largest percentage of all carbon |
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| contains between 0.05% and 0.35% carbon |
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| lacks the ability to become as hard and strong as other steel |
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| not weak nor low in quality |
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| AISI—AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE—1030 |
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| SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS—304L |
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| ALLOY CASTINGS INSTITUTE—CR-8 |
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| AMERICAN SOCOETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS—AS36 |
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| AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY—A5.1 |
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| AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS—A640 |
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| UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM—G10300 |
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*LESS EXPENSIVE
*FEW ALLOYS
*FEW SPECIAL PROPERTIES
*GREATER AVAILABILITY |
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| Different types of carbon steel |
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*LOW CARBON(MILD)
*MEDIUM CARBON
*HIGH CARBON
*VERY HIGH CARBON |
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*More expensive
*Higher strength
*Better wear
*Increased toughness
*Better at high temperature
*Better corrosion resistance
*Other special properties |
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| Different types of alloy steel |
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*TOOL STEEL
*STAINLESS STEEL
*SPECIALTY STEEL |
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•contains 0.35% - 0.50% carbon
•can be heat treated |
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•carbon content is over 0.50%
•can be heat treated |
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| •grade of steel in which 1 or more alloying elements have been added in larger amounts to produce special properties |
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| •more expensive than carbon steel |
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| •should only be used when a special property is needed |
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| has less alloy content than other types of alloy steel |
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| stronger than carbon steel and less expensive than high-alloy steel |
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| contains more than the avg. amount of manganese, silicon, columbium, vanadium, and copper in its composition |
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•Stronger than low-alloy structural steel and has better impact resistance at lower temp.
•More corrosion resistance and better physical properties |
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| QUENCH AND TEMPER STRUCTURAL STEEL |
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•Contains large amounts of nickel and small amounts of carbon
•18%-25% nickel
•Good ductility and good toughness |
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| •Grouped separately from other types of steel |
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| __ = special alloys that make them capable of becoming hard when quenched in air; expensive; dimensional accuracy is extremely important |
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| = high-speed work; higher quantities of molybdenum and tungsten |
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| • = good strength at high temp |
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•Classification of special alloy steel that is used extensively
•Extremely resistant to corrosion |
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•Has great hardness, strength, and elasticity
•Expensive |
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•Material that uses iron as its primary ingredient
•Contains 2% - 6% carbon and small amounts of silicon |
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| •__ iron is iron in which some of the carbon has precipitated out and appears as flakes or little spheres |
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•GRAY (most common)
•WHITE (most brittle)
•Malleable (higher quality)
•Ductile (higher quality)
•Special alloy (special properties)
are examples of types of iron? |
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•Superior than gray cast iron and white cast iron
•Made from white cast iron |
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•Almost pure iron
•Very low strength and hardness
•Very ductile
•Resistant to corrosion |
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| The process of making steel: |
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1. Iron ore
2. Blast furnace
3. Pig iron
4. Steel making furnace
5. Steel |
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| The ___ ore is mixed w/ coke, limestone, and hot gases inside a blast furnace |
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| The products coming out of the ___ ___ are pig iron, slag, and hot gases |
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| ___ iron is used to make steel or cast iron |
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| 2 main types of steel-making furnaces: |
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o Basic oxygen furnace
o Electric arc furnace |
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| 2 types of cast iron- making furnaces: |
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o Cupola
o Electric induction furnace |
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| ___ is made from iron ore in an integrated steel mill, or integrated production facility. |
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| Steel made of scrap and pig iron, w/o any ore, is produced in a___, using an electric arc furnace |
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| Liquid steel from basic oxygen or electric arc furnaces is poured into ingot molds, or into continuous casting molds to make ___. |
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| ___ ore is mined from the ground, and may contain only 30% iron. |
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| ___ in the rock is in chemical compounds (ores) in which the iron is combined w/ oxygen or sulfur |
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| During processing, the large chunks of stone containing the ore are broken up by giant ___ |
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| After crushing and milling, the valuable iron ore particles can be separated from the waste, using |
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| A valuable type of iron ore is |
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| is reddish in color and is valuable bc it contains a high percentage of iron. |
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| is one of the most interesting types of iron ore. |
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| After taconite has been milled to a fine powder and separated from the waste powder, it is poured into a |
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| In the blast furnace the iron ore, coke, and limestone are carried in ___ ___ to the top of the furnace. |
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| The coke melts the iron ore and limestone, and a chemical reaction takes place that produces ___ ___ . |
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| •The limestone reacts w/ impurities, forming ___, a relatively useless byproduct. |
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| •Inside the ___, there is a complex arrangement of bricks. |
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| looks like a submarine w/railroad car wheels |
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| The most important product tapped form the blast furnace is the |
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| is referred to as hot metal or pig iron. |
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| Each ___ is referred to as a pig and weighs at least 40lbs. |
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| replaced the open-hearth process. |
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| Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) |
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| What makes the BOF process so productive is the |
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| Uses electricity rather than gaseous fuel to produce the heat. |
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| The quality of the steel can be controlled more accurately than it can when other furnaces are used. |
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| Used primarily for special types of quality steel, such as stainless steel, tool steel, and high-alloy steel. |
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| Main ingredient in an electric arc furnace is |
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| what task is perfomed by magnetic separators |
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| which type of iron ore is mixed w/ a binder in a balling drum to form pellets |
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| what 3 materials are melted in a blast furnace |
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| iron ore, ccoke and lime stone |
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| which ingredient in a blast furnace combines w/ impurities to form slag? |
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| when a blast furnace is tapped, what material is removed first? |
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| what are the 2 most popular types of steel-making furnaces in use today? |
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basic oxygen furnace
electric arc furnace |
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| 8”by 8” square or greater in various lengths. |
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| 2:1 width to thickness ratio, greater than 2” thick |
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| circular section of any diameter |
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