Term
| Three definitions of oxidation/reduction |
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Definition
| oxidation gain o2, loss H+, loss e-. reduction loss O2, gain H+, and gain e- |
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Term
| most common oxidation reduction reaction in our body? |
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Definition
| C6H12O6(glucose)---->C3H4O3 (pyruvic acid) |
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Term
| When a substance is oxidized it ____ energy, and when reduced it ____ energy. |
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Definition
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Term
| definition of metabolism? |
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Definition
| sum of all the biochemical reactions in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| energy requiring process where small molecules join to form larger molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| energy releasing process where large molecules broken down to smaller molecules |
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Term
| glucose has many ____ atoms. |
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Definition
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Term
| all CHO are broken down into ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| the first step of glucose catabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| In krebs cycle, Acetyl CoA is broken down completely by _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Does glycolysis require o2? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What two coenzymes are used by cells to carry hydrogen atoms when a substance is oxidized? |
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Definition
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Term
| NAD and FAD are reduced to ...? |
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Definition
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Term
| ETC produce how many ATP? |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ yields twice as much energy as ____ or ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| the main use of dietary amino acids is ..... |
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Definition
| synthesis/anabolism of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| if not needed immediately, glucose is converted to glycogen |
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Term
| Glycogen is stored in.... |
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Definition
| skeletal muscle (80%) and liver |
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Term
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Definition
| when body needs glucose, blood sugar level drops, glycogen is converted back into glucose |
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Term
| when does glycogenolysis occur? |
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Definition
| usually between meals and during exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| synthesis of glucose from noncarb such as fat and aa |
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Term
| once absorbed _____ combine to form trigycelrides. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tgs are carried by blood in the form of ______ and stored in ____tissue or excreted from the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| TG and cholesterol are completely ______ in water. |
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Definition
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Term
| Combining with lipoproteins makes tg and cholesterol _________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizing fat from other sources |
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Term
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Definition
| lipoprotein, mostly tg from small intestine to circulation, for ATP in muscle cells |
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Term
| very low density lipoprotein |
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Definition
| from liver to adipose, mostly tg, little cholesterol |
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Term
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Definition
| transport cholesterol to peripheral tissues |
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Term
| high density lipoproteins |
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Definition
| peripheral tissue to liver to be excreted through bile |
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Term
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Definition
| tg broken down into glycerol and fatty acid |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acids catabolized by oxidation in acetyl CoA |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of ketone bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| after fat or fasting, CHO levels drop, ketone levels go up |
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Term
| protein is broken down into ____ and _____ in small intestine. |
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Definition
| peptides and constituent aa |
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Term
| protein is absorbed in the _____ into the _____and transported to the _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: proteins are stored for future use |
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Definition
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Term
| When protein is metabolized, the resulting aa are used to..... |
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Definition
| produce new proteins or produce ATP |
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Term
| in protein catabolism aa must under go ____. |
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Definition
| deamination; removal of NH2 group |
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Term
| What remains after deamination of aa in protein catabolism is converted to |
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Definition
| pyruvic acid, acetly coa or part of krebs cycle |
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Term
| what highly toxic byproduct is produced as a result of deamination of aa during protein catabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| liver cells convert ammonia to _____ which is water soluble. |
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Definition
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Term
| the main use of aa, to synthsize new proteins is referred to as... |
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Definition
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Term
| protein anabolism takes place in _______ of almost all cells. |
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Definition
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