Term
| Which colony was the most populous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the male-female ratio in the Chesapeake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was AHEM special about 1/3 of the brides in WHAT colony? |
|
Definition
| In Maryland, 1/3 of all brides were pregnant before the wedding |
|
|
Term
| What three diseases were prevalent in the Chesapeake area? |
|
Definition
| Typhoid, dysentery, and malaria |
|
|
Term
| In 1630, Chesapeake was exporting ___million lbs of tobacco/year, while by the 1700s, they were exporting ___million |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if an aristocrat funds an indentured servant's passage to America, he gains 50 acres of land at a cheap price, which resulted in massive land gains for the rich and the opposite for the poor |
|
|
Term
| describe the life of an indentured servant |
|
Definition
-served for seven years
-owners often extended serving period for small mistakes |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Nathaniel Bacon |
|
Definition
led a few thousand of these men in a rebellion against
-William Berkeley, who was friendly towards the NAs, and refused to retaliate when the NAs attacked the frontier
-Bacon's men murdered a LOT of NAs
-Bacon died in the middle of the rebellion, and Berkeley crushed it |
|
|
Term
until 1792, ONLY (REALLY? REALLY???)
_____ out of ____ slaves were brought to America |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happened in 1750 regarding slavery? |
|
Definition
| they accounted for almost half of the VA population |
|
|
Term
| What part of Africa were most slaves from? |
|
Definition
| West Africa, ie Senegal and Angola |
|
|
Term
| V/F: some of the earliest black slaves became landowners themselves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eventually, to clear up codes on slave ownership, slave codes made it so that_____ |
|
Definition
children of slaves
were made slaves for life (chattels) as well, unless voluntarily freed |
|
|
Term
| Some laws made ____a crime, and not even _______ might qualify a slave for freedom. |
|
Definition
teaching slaves to read a crime
----
conversion to Christianity |
|
|
Term
| Why did slaves in the deep south have it harder? |
|
Definition
| they were growing rice, which was much harder to grow than tobacco |
|
|
Term
| What is the slave revolt in NYC called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What major event regarding slavery happened in 1739? |
|
Definition
| South Carolinian slaves along the Sono River tried to march to Spanish Florida, but failed |
|
|
Term
What were the aristocratic families of Virginia such as the Fitzhughs, the
Lees, and the Washingtons called? Why? |
|
Definition
| First Families of Virginia, had more land than House of Burgesses |
|
|
Term
| What was the largest social group of VA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: The southern colonies had plenty of Baptist churches throughout them |
|
Definition
| falsum. churches were slow to develop |
|
|
Term
| V/F: The South had cities bustling with many diverse cultures |
|
Definition
| falsum. the south didn't have many cities |
|
|
Term
| V/F: there were AHEM alcohol problems in the south |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was disease not as rampant in NE? |
|
Definition
| clean water and cool temperatures |
|
|
Term
| V/F: women in NE were baby-making factories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why did women have more power in the south?? |
|
Definition
| men died young, women could inherit land, also had smaller # of children to support |
|
|
Term
| who were most of the immigrants to Chesapeake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what were marriages like in Chesapeake? |
|
Definition
| one partner usually passed away in abt 7 years |
|
|
Term
| when the price of tobacco was depressed, what did sellers do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why were indentured servants the go-to labor force originally? |
|
Definition
-families too small
-Indians died too quickly from colonists' diseases
-Africans cost too much |
|
|
Term
| This system paid the passage of indentured servants for 50 acres of land |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who benefited from the headright system? |
|
Definition
| mostly rich, they ate up land while servants didn't have much land anyway. Plus their masters got stingier |
|
|
Term
| what caused the supply of indentured servants from England to drop (nothing with populations or fires) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In 1698, THIS company lost its charter...what were the effects of it? |
|
Definition
-THIS company= Royal African Company
-people rushed to cash in on the trade |
|
|
Term
| what was the death rate on the middle passage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: slaves never had rights in America |
|
Definition
| falsum. some early slaves gained freedom, but colonists freaked out over the racial threat |
|
|
Term
| What laws were made in the south regarding those who served on plantations? |
|
Definition
| made distinctions between servants/slaves (became blacks and children) |
|
|
Term
| How did the population of slaves rise naturally? |
|
Definition
| -plantations were closer, then female population began to rise |
|
|
Term
| Name some African languages that blended with English |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as slavery increased, so did what regarding socioeconmics in the south? |
|
Definition
| gaps in southern social structure |
|
|
Term
| how did planters rule southern society? |
|
Definition
| owned gangs of slaves and vast domains of land |
|
|
Term
| why were NEers healthier? |
|
Definition
| clean water, cool temperatures slowed killer microbes |
|
|
Term
| by moving to the New World, NEers added about ___ yrs onto their life span |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women in NE married in their early twenties, and from there on did this |
|
Definition
| made babies every two years. |
|
|
Term
| what did the NE baby-making mentality cause? |
|
Definition
| high female & infant mortality rates |
|
|
Term
| what did NE "invent" with regards to the family? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the (infuriating) Puritan view of marriage? |
|
Definition
| women with power undercut the unity between a husband and wife, and that she should be subservient. (it pains me to type this, just so you know Thomas Bailey) |
|
|
Term
| Even though women weren't the boss in NE marriages, what couldn't men do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What business was a female monopoly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did NErs live in closely-knit villages? |
|
Definition
-geography
-Indian/French/Dutch threat |
|
|
Term
| How did people in Chesapeake expand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did people in Chesapeake expand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| had to get grants of land from colonial legislature |
|
|
Term
| What did NE towns consist of? |
|
Definition
-meetinghouse for town meetings and worship
-houses
village green for militia |
|
|
Term
| If a town had ___ families, they needed to provide education |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: 1/4 of all adults could read and write |
|
Definition
| technically verum, but 1/2 is even more verum |
|
|
Term
| When was Harvard founded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What caused NErs to creep away from religion? |
|
Definition
| they were generations after, and greater populations forced them to move further from the Church |
|
|
Term
| THIS term was used to scare the colonists into coming back to their religion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: Half-Way Covenant |
|
Definition
-church adherents agree to baptism but not "full communion"
-weakened distinction between elect/not
-gave up religious purity for wider audience
-this wider audience had a female majority |
|
|
Term
| Define: Salem Witch Trials |
|
Definition
-adolescent girls "bewitched by 20 women who were lynched/pressed
-governor put a stop to it when his wife was on the line
-tried to make it up to victims' heirs 20 yrs later
-trials like this occurred in Europe |
|
|
Term
| The rough soil of NE forced colonists to be... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yankees sold this plant to CT |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the expression telling of the stages of progression in NE? |
|
Definition
| get on, get honor, get honest |
|
|
Term
Why were many Europeans turned off by NE?
What did this cause? |
|
Definition
-scary sermons, rough soil
-not very ethnically diverse |
|
|
Term
| What was probably the only diverse thing about NE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why didn't slavery take off in NE? |
|
Definition
| too costly on small farms |
|
|
Term
| How did NErs change their habitat? |
|
Definition
-made trails
-cleared forests to sustain deer, livestock
--> caused it to be more adaptable to extreme temperatures |
|
|
Term
| How did the English justify their exploitation of the land? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What off of the cost of Newfoundland was a gold mine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Scary witch-hunter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How were NE harvest seasons and workdays ruled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what was the class structure like in the south? |
|
Definition
| wasn't originally rigid until laws put poor in their place |
|
|
Term
| By 1775, how many colonies did Great Britain rule in North America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which British colonies were wealthier than the original 13? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by 1775, how many people were in the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the average age in the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the population were cooped up in a specific group of mtns? (what were they?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About ___% of people lived in rural areas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many people were in the colonies in 1700? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many slaves were in the colonies as of 1775? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Every TWENTY FIVE years, what happened to the colonial population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
"you people breed like your own rattlesnakes!" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For every ___ English subjects, there was an American colonist born |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where did much of the population in the colonies go? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the most populous colonies in 1775? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name four colonial cities |
|
Definition
| NY, Philly, Boston, Charleston |
|
|
Term
| How many Germans were in the colonies in 1775? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What religion were most Germans in the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____show the Germans' industry and prosperity in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tell me about the ethnicity of the Scots-Irish (2) |
|
Definition
-they were Scottish low-landers
-they weren't even Irish |
|
|
Term
| How many Scots-Irish were there in the 13 colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tell me about the migration of the Scots-Irish |
|
Definition
| they were pushed to Ireland, but the Irish Catholics there resented their Presbyterianism , so they came to PA, and were pushed to the frontiers to become squatters |
|
|
Term
| What were two things that the Scots-Irish made? (fine, not technically) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This "road" was full of Scots-Irish |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Scots Irish were good for THIS beverage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why didn't the Scots-Irish like the British? |
|
Definition
| pushed them out of England |
|
|
Term
| THIS MARCH protested the Quaker oligarchy being nice to the NAs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS MOVEMENT was in THIS colony and was a rebellion against Eastern involvement in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name a president of Scots-Irish descent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5% of colonists made up this population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The largest non-English group in the colonies came to be the ____, at __% of the population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The armed conflicts of the 1690s and early 1700s resulted in... |
|
Definition
-richer merchant princes-->top 10% got 2/3 of the wealth
-more orphans/widows-->almshouses |
|
|
Term
| How did the later generations of colonists get less wealthy from landownings? |
|
Definition
-less to get
-more subdivisions with inheritance |
|
|
Term
| people in THIS place had to wear a large "p" on their clothes to show that they were receiving public charity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term for English criminals shlepped to the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did many colonists push to outlaw slavery? |
|
Definition
| they represented potentially rebellious paupers |
|
|
Term
| THIS was the most honored profession in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two professions in the colonies that weren't as respected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the first med school open? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why didn't physicians like the smallpox inoculation introduced in 1721? |
|
Definition
| didn't like messing with the will of God |
|
|
Term
| name a remedy for smallpox in the eighteenth century |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS disease was deadly, especially for young people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides tobacco, what grew in the Chesapeake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did NY export 80 thousand barrels a year of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS and THIS were a huge part of middle colony success |
|
Definition
| commercial ventures, land speculation |
|
|
Term
| Explain the triangular trade system |
|
Definition
NE-->AFRICA (rum)
-->WI (slaves)
-->COLONIES (molasses) |
|
|
Term
| THIS RUM was huge in RI and MA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the most important manufacturing activity in the colonies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THIS fraction of British naval ships were American-made |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT act didn't let colonists sell stuff to the French West Indies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| populations, due to the crappy roads in the eighteenth century, tended to cluster along ____ |
|
Definition
| the banks of navigable rivers |
|
|
Term
| taverns popped up along travel routes and encouraged.... |
|
Definition
| mingling of classes,democracy, gossip |
|
|
Term
| V/F: A very efficient mail system was made in the eighteenth century in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was The College of Will and Mary set up? |
|
Definition
| to train the Anglican clergy |
|
|
Term
| V/F: Jeremiads existed in the Anglican Church, too |
|
Definition
| no...it was less intensely scary there |
|
|
Term
| THIS colony wasn't big on congregationalists |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THESE two religions rebelled against the king |
|
Definition
| Congregationalists, Presbyterians |
|
|
Term
| Anglicans wanted THIS in their colonies, but non-Anglicans said "nuh-uh" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These 4 things contributed to the Great Awakening |
|
Definition
-less religious fervor
-lengthy theological doctrines
-loosened membership requirements
-heretics |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
"individual free will, not divine decree will determine your eternal fate" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
Jonathan Edwards |
|
Definition
-started Great Awakening in Northampton, MA
-"You need God's grace!"
-Had captivating sermons:
-"Sinners in the hands of an angry God" |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
amazingness orator of Great Awakening, describe in 3 points |
|
Definition
George Whitefield
-English
-preached human helplessness and divine omnipotence
-reduced J Edwards to tears, Ben to collection hat |
|
|
Term
| American imitators of the emotionalism of George Whitefield were considered... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: Baptists liked the Great Awakening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were 4 effects of the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
-undermined older clergy
-increased #, competitiveness of American churches
-more missionary work for slaves, NAs
-"new light" centers of higher learning (colleges) |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance (No effects!) of the Great Awakening? |
|
Definition
| first spontaneous mass movement of the American people |
|
|
Term
| What was education like in each section of the colonies? |
|
Definition
-NE: liked it for religion
-middle colonies: decent elementary schools, some tax-supported
-south: it was a struggle with their logistics
-corporal punishment was not shied away from |
|
|
Term
| What is the religious significance of UPenn? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NAME four artists of the colonies in the eighteenth century |
|
Definition
| Trumbell, Peale, West, Copley (NOT copland!!!) |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
painted George Washington |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was architecture like in the colonies? |
|
Definition
| transported from Europe to meet colonial needs (ex: log cabin) |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT woMAN:
Boss poet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
"First civilized American"(also describe) |
|
Definition
Ben Franklin:
-Poor Richard's Almanac
-Only first-rank scientist |
|
|
Term
| THIS family had a hugemongous library in the colonies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were newspapers so amazing in comparison to books? (for the colonists) |
|
Definition
| they didn't have time nor money to read books |
|
|
Term
| Why were newspapers important in the colonies? |
|
Definition
-source of world happenings, no duh
-Aired opposition to British control |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
free press case defendant (also describe) |
|
Definition
Peter Zenger:
-NYer
-charged with seditious libel
-won because the stuff was true, and the jurors went for it
-Lawyer: Alexander Hamilton |
|
|
Term
| Describe the bodies of the colonial legislative system |
|
Definition
2 houses:
-upper house (council): appointed by crown, governor
-lower house (popular branch): appointed by generally wealthy landowners |
|
|
Term
NAME THAT MAN:
crappy NY+NJ governor in 1702, +describe |
|
Definition
Lord Cornbury
-drunkard
-frivolous spender
-grafter
-embezzler
-religious bigot |
|
|
Term
| how did governments sometimes keep their leaders in check? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the local government of each section of the colonies |
|
Definition
south: county gov't
NE: town meetings
middle: modification of the two |
|
|
Term
| Who didn't like Christmas in the colonies(besides Ebenezer, though technically British)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: all colonies were basically English, kind of religiously tolerant, had social mobility, and some self-government |
|
Definition
|
|
