Term
| What were 6 problems facing the nation in making a new Constitutional gov't? |
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Definition
-Two revolutions (Brits, AOC) in 12 years
-Thought central authority was evil (K. George III)
-Gov't had no revenue, just about
-Huge public debt w/ loads of interest
-worthless continentals
-republics up to that point had been doomed to fail |
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Term
| As of 1789, the population of the US was doubling every ___ years |
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Definition
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Term
When was the first official census?
How many people did it record? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What were the biggest cities in the US in 1989? |
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Definition
Philly
NY
Boston
Charleston
Baltimore |
|
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Term
| In 1989, the population was still about ___% rural, while __% lived east of the Appalachian mtns |
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Definition
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Term
| T/FL the Appalachian population showed blind patriotism for their independent country that they had fought for. |
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Definition
| FALSUM. Their loyalty was dubious. There were also Spaniards near the MI mouth, and British agents |
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Term
| When did George Washington become president? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| THIS man commanded by character, not politics |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where did GW take the oath of office? |
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Definition
| Balcony overlooking Wall St |
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Term
| Who was the first president to establish a presidential cabinet? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was the first president to establish a presidential cabinet, even though it was not in the Constitution? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was in GW's cabinet? (Names AND positions) |
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Definition
T Jefferson - secretary of state
A Hamilton - secretary of treasury
H Knox - secretary of war |
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Term
| What are the two ways in which amendments to the Constitution can be made? |
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Definition
-2/3 vote by the states to hold a constitutional convention
-2/3 vote by 2 houses of congress |
|
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Term
| When were the Bill of Rights written? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does the NINTH amendment state? |
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Definition
| certain rights "shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." |
|
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Term
| What does the TENTH amendment state? |
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Definition
| Any rights not denied or permitted by the federal government is relinquished back to the states or people |
|
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Term
| What is the Judiciary Act? When was it made? |
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Definition
Made...
-supreme Court
-chief justice
-five associates
-federal district courts
-circuit courts
-position of attorney general
1789 |
|
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Term
| Who was the first chief justice of the United States? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was said to "love his adopted country more than his countrymen"? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Who was A Ham's archenemy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What was our national debt when A Ham made a case for assumption?
State debt?
Total debt? |
|
Definition
54 million
21. 5 mil
75 million |
|
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Term
| What was Hamilton's case for assuming state debt? |
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Definition
It was incurred while the states fought in the war for independence.
This would also gain the support of the rich |
|
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Term
| How was Washington D.C. created? |
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Definition
| VA didn't have a very large debt, and therefore did not want to take part in Hamilton's assumption. They instead asked for the new federal district to be built on the Potomac River, uhduh, in VA |
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Term
| What were sources of revenue to pay back nat'l debt? |
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Definition
-tarrifs
-7 cent tax on whiskey
-Bank of US w/ bonds |
|
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Term
| In order for tariffs to generate $ for Hamilton's plan, what ended up occurring? |
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Definition
-lots of foreign trade
-More manufacturing (helped Industrial Rev) |
|
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Term
What was the first tariff law of Congress?
How many times was it raised by Congress during Hamilton's plan? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What country's bank was the Bank of US modeled after? |
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Definition
|
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Term
Was the Bank of US public/private?
How much of it did the fed gov't own?
What was it designed to do in terms of currency?
Who liked/dislike this plan? |
|
Definition
private
1/5
make badly needed paper money and thus a nat'l currency
North/South |
|
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Term
| Who were the strict/loose interpreters of the Constitution? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Define: the elastic clause |
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Definition
| invoked by Hamilton, allowed Congress to pass any laws "necessary and proper" to carry out powers vested in gov't agencies |
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Term
| How did Hamilton justify his making of the US bank? |
|
Definition
-elastic clause of the Constitution
-Gov't supposed to collect taxes and regulate trade
- |
|
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Term
When the Bank of the US was finally created in 1791, where was it located?
What was its capital?
V/F: people gobbled up stocks |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Define: Whiskey Rebellion |
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Definition
-1794
-High excise tax angered homespun pioneers
-Whiskey poles cried "Liberty and No Excise"
-GW alarmed by "self-created societies," anxiously called upon states' militias to crush the rebellion
-rebellion quickly faltered, 3 head rebels were pardoned
-"Sledgehammer to crush gnat" |
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Term
| Hamilton's policies actually worked to help our credit so that we could borrow from _____ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| v/f: at first, permanent political parties seemed like an opposition to the gov't |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How long since the French Rev started was Europe at war for? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What did the federalists like or dislike about the French Rev?
The dem-repubs? |
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Definition
disliked violent means of attaining independence, mobocracies
liked fighting a tyrant, extent of own revolution...thought violence was plainly a means of attaining it at all cost |
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Term
| When France hurled back THIS COUNTRY, what type of gov't was made? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define: GW’s neutrality proclamation (5) |
|
Definition
-The Franco-American alliance bound us to fight for the West Indies with France
-Jeffersonians, fresh from the exciting french rev, said that we owed the french.
-GW and Hamilton decided to be neutral for a generation
-citizens had to be impartial to both sides
-Jeffersonians were angered that GW did not consult Congress first |
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Term
| Who was the French envoy that illegally sent American troops to Spanish FL, LA, and British Canada? |
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Definition
| Edmond Genet (with a ^ above the second e) |
|
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Term
| Why would it have not made sense for Americans fight w/ France? |
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Definition
| would have suffered British fleets blockading the coast and cutting off vital supplies needed in the first place |
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Term
| What were factors contributing to John Jay's envoy trip to Britain? (4) |
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Definition
-British did NOT like Neutrality Proclamation
-British had kept settlements against the Treaty of Paris's conditions
-British did not want to give up fur trade
-kept relationships w/ NAs |
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|
Term
What was the nae of the 8-tribe Indian alliance that the British openly sold arms to?
Who was it led by? |
|
Definition
Miami Confederacy
Little Turtle |
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Term
| Who was the general that battled the Miami Confederacy and eventually negotiated a treaty with them? |
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Definition
| General "Mad Anthony" Wayne |
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Term
What Battle held the defeat of the Miami Confederacy?
How did the British react? |
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Definition
Battle of Fallen Timbers
Did not shelter Indians |
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Term
What was the treaty that allied America with the Miami Confederacy called?
What did it entail? |
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Definition
Treaty of Greenville
-Indians had to give up a lot of old northwest territory (a lot of Indiana)
-americans gave lump sum of $20,000, plus an annual annuity of $9,000, plus a right to hunt the ceded lands to the NAs |
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Term
| What was the main event that nearly caused the British and the Americans to enter war with one another? |
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Definition
-British ignored neutrality of American ships, attacked 300
-Jeffersonians were for fighting the British again
-Feds were against destroying Hamiltonian system, recognized Britain as world's mightiest commercial empire. |
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Term
| V/F: John Jay was an anglophile who kissed each cheek of the queen, following custom |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why did Hamilton sabotage John Jay by telling England of his negotiating techniques? |
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Definition
| Anglophile himself, wanted to avoid war with the English |
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Term
| What came of John Jay's envoy trip in England? (British side) |
|
Definition
-British:
-same blank promise to JJ about evacuating chain of posts on US soil
-agreed to pay for damages to ships |
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Term
What came of John Jay's envoy trip in England? (US side)
What was the reaction? |
|
Definition
US:
-pay debts owed to British merchants on pre-Revolutionary accounts
-Jeffersonians did not like surrender
-Southern planters did not like paying debts while merchants received compensation for damage |
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Term
| What did GW's farewell address warn of? |
|
Definition
| political parties and permanent alliances |
|
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Term
| Why was Hamilton not in the running to be the Federalist candidate for president? |
|
Definition
| Fiscal policies that benefited speculators |
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|
Term
Who was the Federalist candidate for president after GW left office?
Democrat-Republicans? |
|
Definition
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson |
|
|
Term
| What was John Adams doing during GW's presidency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What region helped John Adams win the presidency by a narrow margin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: With help from Hamilton, Adams' cabinet was constantly conspiring against him |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What was Pinckney's Treaty?
What caused it? |
|
Definition
October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.
Pro-Brtisih treaty |
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Term
| In the election of 1800, the Federalists had a host of enemies because....(2) |
|
Definition
-the Alien and Sedition Acts
AND
- John Adams’ not declaring war against France |
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Term
| Why wasn't it so great that John Adams became known as “the Father of the American Navy”? |
|
Definition
| Navy took lots of federal money and effort to build, and in not going to war, funds seemed extravagant and pointless |
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Term
| Why was Jefferson suddenly attacked? |
|
Definition
-robbed a widow and her children of a trust fund
-fathered numerous
children with his slaves
-atheist (he was a Deist) |
|
|
Term
In the election of 1800, who were the candidates for each party?
Who tied? Who won? |
|
Definition
Jefferson and Adams
Adams won the popular vote.
Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr tied since everyone got two electoral votes
Hamilton convinced the House to vote for Jefferson to avoid public outcry over Burr |
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Term
| Define: Revolution of 1800 (2) |
|
Definition
(1) there was a
peaceful transfer of power; Federalists stepped down from office after
Jefferson won and did so peacefully, though not necessarily happily and
(2) the Republicans were more of the “people’s party”
compared to the Federalists. |
|
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Term
| Describe Jefferson's inaugural address |
|
Definition
declared that all Americans were Federalists,
all were Republicans, implying that Americans were a mixture. He also
pledged “honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances
with none.” |
|
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Term
| In 1802, Jefferson changed the naturalization process by how many years? (from what to what) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| V/F: Jefferson's sec of treasury decided to keep the excise on whiskey with the hefty nat'l debt still in place |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was Jefferson's sec of treasury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| define: Judiciary act of 180-ONE |
|
Definition
| Midnight judges...were federalist. Hold on to one branch of govt |
|
|
Term
| Why was John Marshall a federalist? |
|
Definition
| saw drawbacks of poor central authority while serving at Valley Forge |
|
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Term
| Define: Marbury vs Madison |
|
Definition
William Marbury had been one of the
“midnight judges” appointed by John Adams in his last hours
as president. He had been named justice of peace for D.C., but when
Secretary of State James Madison decided to shelve the position,
Marbury sued for its delivery. Marshall dismissed the case, but he said
that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, thus suggesting
that the Supreme Court could determine the constitutionality of laws
(AKA, “judicial review”). |
|
|
Term
Jefferson tried to impeach the tart-tongued Supreme Court
justice, ______________, but when the vote got to the Senate, not enough
votes were mustered, and to this day, no attempt to alter the Supreme
Court has ever been tried through impeachment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the "war" we had with African pirates in 1801 |
|
Definition
-The pirates of the North African Barbary States were still
looting U.S. ships,
-The pasha of Tripoli indirectly
declared war when he cut down the flagstaff of the American consulate.
-Non-interventionalist Jefferson reluctantly sent the infant navy to the shores of Tripoli
-fighting continued for four years until Jefferson succeeded in extorting a treaty of peace from Tripoli for $60,000. |
|
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Term
| NAME THAT MAN: Stephen Decatur |
|
Definition
| exploits in the Tripolitan war with the ship Intrepid made him a hero. |
|
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Term
| Why was the dissolution of Pinckney's treaty important? |
|
Definition
Such deposit privileges were vital to the frontier farmers who floated their goods
down the Mississippi River to its mouth to await oceangoing vessels. |
|
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Term
| Why did the ($15 mil) LA purchase occur rather than the $10 mil settlement that Jefferson had wanted? |
|
Definition
Napoleon abandoned his hopes of an empire in N America
This abandonment was due to the rebellion in Haiti, led by
Toussaint L’Ouverture, which had been unsuccessful, but had
killed many French troops due to yellow fever. The decision to sell
Louisiana was also because Napoleon needed cash to renew his war with
Britain. |
|
|
Term
| In what year was the LA purchase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| V/F: Jefferson found an argument for why the LA purchase was constitutional |
|
Definition
| nope. too good of a deal to pass up, was all |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't federalists like the LA purchase? |
|
Definition
| more farmland, farmers=more republicans |
|
|
Term
| What was the cost/acre of the LA purchase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NAME THAT LADY:
NA woman who helped William and Merriwether |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name that man:
trekked to the headwaters of the
Mississippi River in 1805-06 and ventured to the southern portion of
Louisiana, Spanish land in the southwest, and sighted Pike’s Peak. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The federalists tried to scheme with
Aaron Burr to make New England and New York secede from the union; in
the process Aaron Burr killed Hamilton in a duel. |
|
|
Term
| In 1806, Burr was arrested for treason, BUT... |
|
Definition
| the necessary two witnesses were not found |
|
|
Term
| In what battles did Britain and France win major naval victories that would impact their war with one another? |
|
Definition
Battle of Trafalgar - Britain
Battle of Austerlitz - France |
|
|
Term
| In 1806, London issued the Orders in Council, which did WHAT? |
|
Definition
closed ports
under French continental control to foreign shipping, including
American, unless they stopped at a British port first.
-France did likewise |
|
|
Term
| some ____Americans were impressed from 1808-11. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the British naval act of war |
|
Definition
a royal frigate the Leopard confronted the U.S. frigate,
the Chesapeake, about 10 miles off the coast of Virginia, and the
British captain ordered the seizure of four alleged deserters. When the
American commander refused, the U.S. ship received three devastating
broadsides that killed 3 Americans and wounded 18 |
|
|
Term
| What were the effects of Jefferson's Embargo Act? (5) |
|
Definition
-result was deserted docks
-rotting ships in the harbors
-hurt the same New England merchants that it was trying to protect.
-Farmers of the South and West were alarmed by the mounting piles of unexportable cotton, grain, and tobacco
-Illegal trade mushroomed in 1808, where people resorted to smuggling again.
-industrialism |
|
|
Term
Define: (*giggle*) Non-Intercourse Act.
Why didn't it work? |
|
Definition
-reopened trade with all the nations of the world, except for France and England.
-America’s #1 and #2 trade partners were Britain and France. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Jefferson's embargo fail? |
|
Definition
(1) Jefferson
underestimated the bulldog British and their dependence on American
goods and
(2) he didn’t continue the embargo long enough or
tightly enough to achieve success. |
|
|
Term
| What president followed Jefferson? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Define: Macon’s Bill No. 2 |
|
Definition
-promised American restoration of trade to France and/or England if
either dropped their commercial restrictions
-France leaped at this opportunity |
|
|
Term
| What/who were "submission men"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| KYian speaker of the house |
|
|
Term
The western politicians also cried out against the Indian threat on
the frontier. These young, aggressive Congressmen were known as ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why didn't NAs like settlement in KY? |
|
Definition
settlement and extensive hunting was not allowed except in times of
scarcity. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the NA uprising that eventually occurred after mass settlement of KY |
|
Definition
two Shawnee brothers, Tecumseh and the Prophet, decided that
the time to act was now, and gathered followers, urging them to give up
textile clothing for traditional buckskin garments, arguing eloquently
for the Indian’s to not acknowledge the White man’s
“ownership” of land, and urging that no Indian should cede
control of land to whites unless all Indians agreed |
|
|
Term
| What did William Henry Harrison do to NAs? |
|
Definition
advanced upon Tecumseh’s headquarters at Tippecanoe, killed the
Prophet, and burned the camp to the ground |
|
|
Term
| Tecumseh was killed by Harrison at the Battle of the ____ in 1813, and the Indian confederacy dream perished. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Andrew Jackson crushed the Creek Indians at the Battle of ______ on March 27, 1814, effectively ________ |
|
Definition
-Horseshoe Bend
- breaking the
Indian rebellion and leaving the entire area east of the Mississippi
open for safe settlement |
|
|
Term
| The War Hawks cried that the only way to get rid of the Indians was _____, because _______. |
|
Definition
to wipe out their base, Canada, since the British had helped the
Indians. |
|
|
Term
| Why did America go to war with Britain and not France? |
|
Definition
Because
-England’s impressments of American sailors stood out
-France was allied more with the Republicans
-Canada was a very tempting prize
that seemed easy to get, a “frontiersman’s frolic.” |
|
|
Term
| Why did NE oppose The War of 1812? |
|
Definition
| still making lots of money |
|
|
Term
| Why were Federalists opposed to The War of 1812? |
|
Definition
(1) they were more inclined toward Britain anyway
(2) if Canada was conquered, it
would add more agrarian land and increase Republican supporters. |
|
|
Term
| In brief, America’s reasons for entering the War of 1812 were… |
|
Definition
-“Freedom of the seas” – The U.S. wanted the right to sail and trade without fear.
-Possibility of land – The U.S. might gain Canada or Florida.
-Indian issues – Americans were still upset about British guns being giving to Indians. |
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