Term
|
Definition
Infancy
(0-1.5 yr)
Forming attachment to mother, which lays foundations for later trust in others |
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Term
| Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt |
|
Definition
Early childhood
(1.5-3yr)
Gaining some basic control of self and environment (e.g., toilet training, exploration) |
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Term
|
Definition
Preschool
(3-6yr)
Becoming purposeful and directive |
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Term
|
Definition
School age
(6-12yr)
Developing social, physical, and school skills |
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Term
| Identity vs. Role confusion |
|
Definition
Adolescence
90-20yr)
Making transition from childhood to adulthood; developing sense of identity |
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Term
|
Definition
Early adulthood
(20-35yr)
Establishing intimate bonds of love and friendship |
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Term
| Generativity vs. Self-absorption |
|
Definition
Middle adulthood
(35-65yr)
Fulfilling life goals that involve family, career, and society; developing concerns that embrace future generations |
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Term
|
Definition
Later years
(65yr to death)
Looking back over one's life and accepting its meaning |
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|
Term
Infancy
(0-1.5 yr)
Forming attachment to mother, which lays foundations for later trust in others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Early childhood
(1.5-3yr)
Gaining some basic control of self and environment (e.g., toilet training, exploration) |
|
Definition
| Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt |
|
|
Term
Preschool
(3-6yr)
Becoming purposeful and directive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
School age
(6-12yr)
Developing social, physical, and school skills |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Adolescence
90-20yr)
Making transition from childhood to adulthood; developing sense of identity |
|
Definition
| Identity vs. Role confusion |
|
|
Term
Early adulthood
(20-35yr)
Establishing intimate bonds of love and friendship |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Middle adulthood
(35-65yr)
Fulfilling life goals that involve family, career, and society; developing concerns that embrace future generations |
|
Definition
| Generativity vs. Self-absorption |
|
|
Term
Later years
(65yr to death)
Looking back over one's life and accepting its meaning |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Erikson's developmental tasks
(1909-1994)
(trust vs. mistrust, etc.) |
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Term
|
Definition
| (1) Food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, and sex |
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Term
|
Definition
| (2) Security, protection, stability, structure, order, and limits |
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Term
|
Definition
| (3) Affiliation, affectionate relationships, and love |
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Term
|
Definition
| (4) Self-esteem related to competency, achievement, and esteem from others |
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Term
|
Definition
| (5) Becoming everything one is capable of |
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Term
|
Definition
| (6) Overcoming of the limits of the individual self and desires in spiritual contemplation and realization. (Not always included) |
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|
Term
| (1) Food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, and sex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (2) Security, protection, stability, structure, order, and limits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (3) Affiliation, affectionate relationships, and love |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (4) Self-esteem related to competency, achievement, and esteem from others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (5) Becoming everything one is capable of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (6) Overcoming of the limits of the individual self and desires in spiritual contemplation and realization. (Not always included) |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
(1908-1970)
(Physiological needs, safety needs, etc.) |
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|
Term
| Relationship between mental and physical illness |
|
Definition
Both are physical (not all are visible, even with equipment).
Often times interdependent (one causes the other and vice-versa). |
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Term
|
Definition
| State of well-being that allows a person to cope with normal stressors, work productively, contribute to community and realize own potential. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Provides people with the capacity for rational thinking, communication skills, learning, emotional growth, resilience, and self-esteem. |
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Term
|
Definition
| All mental disorders with definable diagnoses. Manifested in significant dysfunction that may be related to developmental, biological, or psychological disturbances in mental functioning (APA). |
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Term
| Mental health disorders that are seen worldwide |
|
Definition
| Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder |
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Term
| Concepts regarding mental illness within cultures |
|
Definition
| No standard measure for mental health, in part because it is culturally defined and is based on interpretations of effective functioning according to societal norms (WHO) |
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Term
|
Definition
"Caring" as foundation for nursing.
Provide comfort, promote nurse-patient relationships, teaching, coaching, bearing witness to pt's suffering. |
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Term
|
Definition
Goal of self-care as integral to the practice of nursing.
Nurse must promote self-care activities for the pt. |
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Term
|
Definition
Continual need for people to adapt physically, psychologically, and socially.
Nurse must assist pt in adapting so that he/she can cope more effectively with changes. |
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Term
|
Definition
Theory of interpersonal relationships
(1909-1999)
Enhances comfort and wellbeing while relieving suffering and promoting growth.
Nurse-pt relationship is the foundation of nursing practice.
Shifted focus from what RN's do TO the pt, to what RN's do WITH the pt. |
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Term
| Effective measures when caring for pt with mental illness |
|
Definition
Therapeutic communication
Pt centered care
Nurse-patient relationships
Active listening
Self-assessment during assessment of pt |
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|
Term
| Facilitative skills checklist |
|
Definition
Good eye contact
Verbal comments follow interviewee's lead
Encourage talking about feelings
Ask open ended questions
Restate and clarify
Summarize
Statements reflect feelings of interviewee
Share relavant feelings
Give feedback
Responses facilitate communication
Assist to list available alternatives
ID specific observable goals
ID next step towards goals |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic communication techniques |
|
Definition
Silence
Active listening (Observing nonverbal behavior, reflecting, understanding pt's social setting, detecting false notes, give feedback)
Clarifying (paraphrasing, restating, reflecting, exploring)
Asking open-ended questions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future. Keyword: Reinforcement (Not a stimulus as the behavior has already happened) |
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Term
|
Definition
| A behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or a bad stimulus that prevents good behavior. |
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Term
| Techniques to protect pt from self-destructive behavior |
|
Definition
Tracking patient's whereabouts and activities
one-to-one observation
Inspect bags and packages of visitors
Inspect comfort foods
Prohibit intimacy between pt's
Maintain a locked/secure facility
Seclusion, medical/physical restraints
Calling a "code" (psychiatric emergency) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Refers to surroundings and physical environment. A well-managed milieu offers patients a sense of security and promotes healing. Includes activities, unit rules, reality orientation practices, and unit environment. |
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Term
|
Definition
Modeling, operant conditioning, systematic desensitization, avesion therapy.
Changes in maladaptive behavior can occur without insight into the underlying cause.
Used to treat phobias, alcoholism, schizophrenia, etc. |
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Term
|
Definition
A type of behavior therapy.
Therapist provides a role model for specific identified behaviors, and the patient learns through imitation. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
A type of behavior therapy.
Uses positive reinforcement to increase desired behaviors. |
|
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
|
Definition
A type of behavior therapy.
The pt is exposed to increasing levels of a stimulus that the pt is afraid of while practicing specific relaxation techniques. With time, pt is desensitized to the stimulus. |
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Term
|
Definition
A type of behavior therapy.
1) Pairing of a maladaptive behavior with a noxious stimulus (pairing smell of alcohol with electric shock)
2) Punishment (Punishment after pt has had an alcoholic drink)
3) Avoidance training (Pt avoids punishment by pushing glass of alcohol away within a certain time limit) |
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|
Term
| Cognitive behavioral therapy |
|
Definition
| A type of psychotherapy in which negative thoughts about the self and the world are challenged in order to alter unwanted behavior patterns and symptoms or treat mood disorders such as depression. |
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Term
|
Definition
Milieu is an all-inclusive term that recognizes the people, the setting, the structure, and the emotional climate as all-important to healing.
Milieu therapy takes naturally occurring events in the environment and uses them as rich learning opportunities for patients. |
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Term
| Therapeutic alliance/relationship |
|
Definition
| In it, a nurse maximizes his communication skills, understanding of human behaviors, and personal strengths to enhance the patient's personal growth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs when the patient unconsciously and inappropriately displaces (transfers) onto the nurse feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in the patient's past (e.g., the pt may say "you remind me of my father") |
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Term
|
Definition
| Occurs wehn the nurse unconsciously and inappropriately displaces onto the patient feelings and behaviors related to significant figures in the nurse's past. Frequently the pt's transference evokes counter-transference in the nurse. |
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|
Term
| Outpatient psychiatric mental health care |
|
Definition
Intended for patient centered and negotiated care rather than imposed for long term care. Examples:
PCP's
Specialty psychiatric care providers
Patient-centered medical/health homes
community clinics
Psychosocial rehab program
Clinical case management
Psychiatric home care
Assertive community treatment (ACT)
Intensive substance abuse program
Partial hospitalization program (PHP) |
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|
Term
| Inpatient psychiatric mental health care |
|
Definition
Intended for safety, stabilization of symptoms and return to community. Examples:
ED
Crisis stabilization unit
Locked psychiatric inpatient unit |
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|
Term
| Primary services provided in psychiatric case management |
|
Definition
| Coordinating mental, physical, and spiritual health, social and educational services, vocational realms of care for the psych patient. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to diagnose psychiatric disorders. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standardized list of nursing diagnoses provide the framework for identifying appropriate nursing interventions for dealing with the patient's reaction to the disorder/disease/condition. |
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|
Term
| Nursing outcomes classification (NOC) |
|
Definition
| Comprehensive source of standardized outcomes, definitions of the outcomes, and measuring scales that help to determine the outcome of nursing interventions. |
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|
Term
| Nursing interventions classification (NIC) |
|
Definition
| Any treatment, based upon clinical judgment and knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient'client outcomes, including direct and indirect care through a series of nursing activities. |
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|
Term
| Function of RN in regards to mental illness |
|
Definition
| Diagnosing and treating responses to psychiatric disorders, coordinating care, counseling, giving medication and evaluating responses, and providing education. |
|
|
Term
| Function of Clinical nurse specialist in regards to mental illness |
|
Definition
| The same as NP as long as CNS has obtained prescription authority. |
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|
Term
| Function of NP in regards to mental illness |
|
Definition
| Diagnosing psychiatric conditions, prescribing psychotropic medications and integrative therapy, and conducting psychotherapy; they are involved in case management, consulting, education, and research. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Universal tendency of humans to think their way of thinking and behaving is the only correct and natural way. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Psychological distress is experienced as physical problems. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A relationship between two or more people in which personal boundaries are permeable and unclear. This often happens on an emotional level in which two people "feel" each other's emotions, or when one person becomes emotionally escalated and the other one does as well. (Two people "mesh" together). |
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|
Term
| Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) |
|
Definition
1) Patient-centered care
2) Quality improvement
3) Safety
4) Informatics
5) Teamwork and collaboration
6) Evidence-based practice (EBP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To prepare future nurses with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) required to enhance quality, care, and safety in the health care settings in which they are employed. |
|
|
Term
| HEADSSS psychosocial interview technique |
|
Definition
Home environment (Relations w/ parents, etc.)
Education and employment (School performance)
Activities (Sports, after-school activities)
Drug, alcohol, or tobacco use
Sexuality (level of activity, protection)
Suicide risk or symptoms of depression or other mental disorder
"Savagery" (Violence/abuse in home, etc.) |
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|
Term
| Neurological disorders that mimic Depression |
|
Definition
CVA
Alzheimer's disease
Brain tumors
Huntington's disease
Epilepsy
Multiple sclerosis
Parkinson's disease |
|
|
Term
| Infections that mimic depression |
|
Definition
Mononucleosis
Encephalitis
Hepatitis
Tertiary syphilis
HIV |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine disorders that mimic depression |
|
Definition
Hypo and hyperthyroidism
Cushing's syndrome
Addison's disease
Parathyroid disease |
|
|
Term
| GI disorders that mimic depression |
|
Definition
Liver cirrhosis
Pancreatitis |
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular disorders that mimic depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory disorders that mimic depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutritional disorders that mimic depression |
|
Definition
Thiamine deficiency
Protein deficiency
B12 & 6 deficiency
Folate deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Collagen vascular diseases that mimic depression |
|
Definition
Lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Cancer |
|
|
Term
| Neurological disorders that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Alzheimer's disease
Brain tumor
Stroke
Huntington's disease |
|
|
Term
| Infections that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Neurosyphilis
Septicemia |
|
|
Term
| Endocrine disorders that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Hypo and hyperthyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoglycemia
Pheochromocytoma
Carcinoid |
|
|
Term
| Metabolic disorders that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Low calcium
Low potassium
Acute intermittent porphyria
Liver failure |
|
|
Term
| Cardiovascular disorders that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Angina
CHF
Pulmonary embolus |
|
|
Term
| Respiratory disorders that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Pneumothorax
Acute asthma
Emphysema |
|
|
Term
| Drug effects that mimic anxiety |
|
Definition
Stimulants
Sedatives (withdrawal)
Lead or mercury poisoning |
|
|
Term
| Medical conditions that mimic psychosis (memorize) |
|
Definition
Temporal lobe epilepsy
Migraine headaches
Temporal arteritis
Occipital tumors
Narcolepsy
Encephalitis
Hypothyroidism
Addison's disease
HIV |
|
|
Term
| Drug effects that mimic psychosis |
|
Definition
Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD)
Phencyclidine
Alcohol withdrawal
Stimulants
Cocaine
Corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that depress the CNS |
|
Definition
| Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, anesthetics, anticonvulsants, opioids, clonidine |
|
|
Term
| Foods to avoid while taking MAOIs |
|
Definition
| Aged cheese, pickled foods, wine, beer, yeast foods, avocado, anything dried/smoked, chocolate, fava beans, ginseng, caffeine. |
|
|
Term
| Lithium therapeutic level |
|
Definition
Therapeutic range 0.4-1.0 mEq/L
(fine tremor, polyuria, mild thirst, nausea, discomfort, weight gain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| renal and thyroid function, WBC with differential, serum electrolytes, and glucose periodically during therapy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Early toxicity (1.5 mEq/L)
Advanced toxicity (1.5-2.0 mEq/L)
Severe toxicity (2.0-2.5 mEq/L)
>2.5 = convulsions, oliguria, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treats ADHD
Dizziness, fatigue, mood swings, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, constipation, sex problems, decreased appetite |
|
|
Term
| St. John's wort interactions |
|
Definition
Taking with MAOIs can cause serotonin syndrome.
Causes increased metabolism of oral contraceptives, statin drugs, some psychotropic medications. |
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