Term
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Definition
| A typical or stereotypical example of something. |
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Term
| Trait Paradigm Characteristics |
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Definition
1. Focusing on how a person is "defective".
2. Belief condition is something that is caused by genetics or disease
3. assumes condition is incurable
4. surrenders power to expert authority
5. Sees those with disabilities as childlike or subhuman
6. "disablist thinking" |
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Term
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Definition
| Being prejudiced against those with disabilities. Disablism promotes differential or unequal treatment |
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Term
| Role Circularity (see Wolfensberger's Chart in our session 2 notes) |
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Definition
| The idea that negative perceptions towards certain groups (homeless, disabled, etc) leads to devalued status in society and positive perception (wealthy, noble, etc) leads to a valued status in society. |
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Term
| Problems with Trait Models |
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Definition
| With trait models you run the risk of thinking of a person as "the disabled person" instead of a PERSON FIRST who has a disability. |
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Term
| Expectation Cycle (chart, slide 9, session 2) |
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Definition
| Negative Perceptions lead to Low Expectations which lead to Allocation of Few Resources which lead to Little Valued Activity Produced and then the cycle starts all over again with Negative Perception. |
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Term
| Paradigm Shifts in Human Services |
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Definition
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Term
| Characteristics of major human service paradigms |
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Definition
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Term
| Constructivist perspectives on disabilities |
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Definition
| That mild disability is a social invention or construction and labels are invented to "deal with" educational problems or for "political control" of minorities |
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Term
| Sociological perspective on disability |
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Definition
| Mild disability viewed as inability to meet own social or cultural norms and/or inadequacy of social supports. |
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Term
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Definition
| He believed that a disabled persons level of functioning was determined by the amount of social services and resources that a society was willing to give to that person |
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Term
| Developmental Disabilities |
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Definition
| "Severe, chronic disability affecting people over 5 yrs old limiting 3 or more life activities and requiring extensive, interdisciplinary services" |
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Term
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Definition
| First example of a community who gave community-based, support-oriented treatment to the mentally handicapped |
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Term
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Definition
| provided homes for people with mental disabilities in religious monasteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created a categorization of people with mental disabilities bases on functioning (Idiots and Imbeciles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Student of Itard. Created the first Special Educational Methods, called the "physiological methods". Introduced his knowledge to the US |
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Term
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Definition
| "First pioneer of Special Education". worked on Victor, the "Wild Boy of Averyon" |
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Term
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Definition
| Study conducted by R.L. Dugdale that looked at the offspring of 5 sisters. Identified only on case of MR, but reported high levels of criminality and poverty. Asserted that MR and social evils were genetically linked |
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Term
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Definition
| Director of a mental health institutions who traced two separate families who were fathered by the same man. One mother was a "feeble-minded tavern wench" and the other "an upstanding Quakeress". it was determined that the first family was full of social pests and the other of upstanding citizens. The conclusion was the "feeblemindedness" was the root of most "social sores" |
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Term
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Definition
| "improving the Hereditary Qualities of Society through Selective Breeding" |
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Term
| Three Eugenical solutions to fix the "Menace of the feeble-minded"? |
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Definition
| euthanasia, colonization/segregation, sterilization. |
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Term
| Principle of Normalization |
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Definition
| The idea that we should try to give people with mental handicaps as normal and as mainstreamed a life as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| Pioneer of the idea of "normalization" |
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Term
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Definition
| Said in 1972 that "utilization of culturally valued means (methods) to achieve culturally normative outcomes. |
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Term
| Natural perspective on disability |
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Definition
| "Disability is a natural part of the human experience and in no way diminishes the rights of individuals to contribute to society...people have rights to employment and residential supports and access to assistive technology |
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Term
| Four Steps in the Litigation-Legislation Cycle |
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Definition
| 1. Initiating Litigation 2. Original Legislation 3. Refining Litigation 4. Amended Legislation |
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Term
| Right to education-initiating litigation |
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Definition
| 14th Amendment Due Process and equal Protection Clauses, Importance of education in mod. society, educability of children w/ MR, if states educate some, they must educate all, financial or admin inadequacies cannot bear more heavily on children w/ disabilities. |
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Term
| Rights established after PARC |
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Definition
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Term
| Rights established after Mills Case |
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Definition
| Zero Reject, Due process, and Parental participation |
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Term
| Rights established after Wyatt Case |
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Definition
| Right to Treatment. IEP is created |
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Term
| Rights established after Larry P. Case |
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Definition
| nondiscriminatory testing |
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Term
| P.L. 94-142 (THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT) |
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Definition
| Labeled "The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975", it includes two rights: 1. "appropriate education" 2. LRE |
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Term
| Right to education-refining litigation |
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Definition
| Legislation is amended and refined in response to dispute resolutions and in order to set new and clearer standards thru revised rules and regulations. |
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Term
| Who are the students served in special education? |
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Definition
| 2/3 male, 1/3 female. Special education serves both the disabled and the gifted. Special education starts at birth in some states. Public school education goes all of the way up to age 22 in FL. 2/3s of students in special ed. have either an SLD (48%) or a speech or language impairment (19%). 10% have an intellectual disability |
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Term
| Race and Gender that make up most of the Special Education teacher population? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides the teacher, what other occupations make up the special education field? |
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Definition
| school social workers, OTs, PTs, teachers aides (paraprofessionals, psychologists, audiologists, Speech language pathologists, administrators, vocational teachers, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| : he is the guy who wrote the article "Special Education for the mildly retarded-Is much of it justifiable?" |
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Term
| Cascade System of Special Ed. Services. |
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Definition
| Gen. Ed. Classroom -> Resource Room -> Special Classes -> Special Schools -> Home-bound services -> Hospitals and Institutions. |
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Term
| "Statue of Liberty" philosophy in Special Education |
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Definition
| "Give me your defected, defeated, and unwanted and I will love and shelter them" |
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Term
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Definition
| the cascade system of special ed services. She also thought that special education should be used as a development capital |
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Term
| What are the Six Principles of IDEA |
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Definition
| Zero Reject, nondiscriminatory evaluation, appropriate education, LRE, procedural due process, parental and student participation. |
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Term
| 4 Steps in "Steps Assessment Process" |
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Definition
| Screening, pre-referral, referral, non-discriminatory eval |
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Term
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Definition
| Accountability for results, school safety, parental choice, teacher quality, scientifically-based methods of teaching, local flexibility |
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Term
| Two fed laws that prohibit discrimination against individuals based on disability |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the goals of Spec Ed measured by? (3 things) |
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Definition
| high school completion, post-school employment rates, overall satisfaction with life |
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Term
| Differences in IDEA and NCLB |
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Definition
| Look in the study guide, it's much easier to comprehend and memorize in chart form |
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Term
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Definition
| "We are all born as a blank slate" |
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Term
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Definition
| Children are "noble savages" |
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