Term
| what are the 3 classes of receptor tyrosine kinases? |
|
Definition
| cytosol EGF, Insulin, and PDGF receptors |
|
|
Term
| Explain the concept of recetpor tyrosine kinase dimerization and cross phosphorylation |
|
Definition
Growth factor binds bringing both strands togheter.
the binding causes cross phosphorylation in the cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| what are the two roles of autophosphorylation? |
|
Definition
P of Tyrosine in the catalytic domain increases protein kinase activity
Phosphorylation of tyrosine outside the catalytic domain creates binding sites for other proteins that transmit signals downstream of the activated receptors |
|
|
Term
| What binds to the phosphotryosines in the initial reaction? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Name 3 signaling molecules that contain the SH2 domain |
|
Definition
PI 3-kinase
GTPase activating protein (GAP)
Phospholipase |
|
|
Term
| what type of receptor does the SH2 domains bind? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of PI 3 Kinase? |
|
Definition
| phosphorylation of the third phosphate of PIP2-->PIP3 |
|
|
Term
| which molecules activate Akt? |
|
Definition
| mTOR/rictor complex, PIP3, and PDK |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of S6 kinase? |
|
Definition
| controls translation by phosphorylating ribsomal protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how mTOR regulate S6 kinase and eIF4E binding protein |
|
Definition
| it activates S6 and inhibits eIF4E leading to translation of proteins |
|
|
Term
| How does insulin bring the glut4 transporter to the membrane? |
|
Definition
| insulin binds to IRS-1-->PI3K-->PIP2 TO PIP3-->PDK-->PKB-->Stimulates factors to express membrane transportation |
|
|
Term
| once inside, can G6P diffuse out of the cell? |
|
Definition
| No. this helps keep the gradient of glucose flowing into the cell |
|
|
Term
| if growth factors are not present, what happens to FOXO? |
|
Definition
| Akt is inactive, and FOXO stimulates gene to get in there and f' shit up |
|
|
Term
| what is BcL-2 effect on cell? |
|
Definition
| when activated by the Akt pathway, it inhibits cell death |
|
|
Term
| there are two forms of PLC. what are they? |
|
Definition
PLC-beta, which is stimulated by G proteins
PLC-gamma which has SH2 domains that bind with tyrosine kinase |
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|
Term
| activation of MAPK (ERK)is mediated by two upstream protein kinases, which are coupled to growth factor receptors by the Ras GTP-binding protein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is ras activated by? |
|
Definition
| guanine nucleotide exchange factor (SOS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GTPase activating protein (raf) |
|
|
Term
| what happens to mutations in Ras genes? |
|
Definition
| GTP hydrolysis is inhibited, leading to overproliferation even in the absence of growth factors |
|
|
Term
| what happens when ERK gets into the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| It phosphorylates Elk-1 and that along with SRF bind to the SRE and activate transcription. |
|
|
Term
| what is the specificity of MAPK signaling maintained by? |
|
Definition
| their physical association on scaffold proteins |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the protein scaffold KSR? |
|
Definition
| holds signaling molecules in place |
|
|
Term
| what effect does Tel have on growth receptors? |
|
Definition
| they are constituitively on. |
|
|
Term
| what is gefitinib's therapeutic effect? |
|
Definition
| bind to the ErbB (EGF) receptor in inhibit oncogenic behavior |
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