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| Name the system of government in which rulers hold total/absolute power. |
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| Name the court where Louis XIV distracted the nobles and royal princes to keep them out of politics. |
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| What law recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France but gave Huguenots the right to worship and enjoy all political privileges? Who revoked that law? |
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| What was the invasion of England by William and Mary called? |
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| Identify the idea that Kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God. |
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| Name the English King whose execution horrified much of Europe. |
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| What Law named Elizabeth I governor of both church and state in England? |
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| Name the Treaty that officially ended the Thirty Years’ War. |
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| What Protestant group in England was inspired by Calvinist ideas? |
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| Who challenged the laws of planetary motion developed by Isaac Newton? With what result? |
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| What long war involved all European powers except England? |
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| What Protestant group in France was inspired by Calvinist ideas? |
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| Whose defeat of the King’s forces allowed him to take control of England and eventually establish a military dictatorship? |
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| Which monarch tried to avoid war with France and Spain by supporting whichever country was weaker at any given time? |
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| What were the Parliamentary forces in the 1642 English Civil War called? The Royalists? |
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| Name for people with capital who are willing to take the risks associated with seeking new business opportunities. |
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| What new literary and artistic style emphasized using feelings and emotions over reason as the source of knowing? |
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| What term was used by the Congress of Vienna to mean that lawful monarchs from the royal families that ruled before Napoleon’s conquest would be restored to their positions of power in order to keep peace and stability in Europe? |
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| Name of the French National Assembly’s promise to continue to meet until they had produced the first French Constitution. |
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| What famous prison was stormed to begin the French Revolution? |
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| In 1848, what all German parliament was created hoping to fulfill a liberal and national dream of a constitution for a new united Germany? (it failed) |
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| What is the extreme form of Marxist socialism practiced by the Bolsheviks in Russia? |
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| cottage industry, factories |
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Definition
| What production method was used by rural, at home workers? What replaced this work at home method? |
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| Name of the Marxists that rejected violent revolution in favor of the legal means for gaining reform. |
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| What political faction represented the interests of radicals in the city of Paris and passed a decree condemning Louis XVI to death at the beginning of 1793? |
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| Identify the democratic nation composed of good citizens that the Committee of Public Safety tried to establish during the French Revolution. |
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| What literary style did Charles Dickens use to focus on the lower and middle classes (ordinary characters) in Britain? |
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| What new kind of society did many young soldiers returning to Austria from war in the trenches, hope for because of the injustices they witnessed between the “elite” officers and the lower class soldiers? |
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"Reality politics"
Otto von Bismarck |
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Definition
| What is realpolitik? Who is know as the greatest practitioner of the kind of politics? |
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| allows countries to intervene on the affairs of other nations, Britain rejected it. |
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| Explain the principle of intervention. What European nation rejected that notion? |
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| Name the meetings held by the great powers in Europe so that they could maintain the balance of power after Napoleon’s exile. What was the final balance of power called? |
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| During the French Revolution, what group feared the radical mobs in Paris and wanted to keep the King alive? |
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| During the Reign of Terror, which leader set up revolutionary courts to prosecute enemies of the Republic? |
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| According to Marx and Engels, in The Communist Manifesto, name the group of oppressed people who would eventually rise up in violent revolution against the bourgeoisie. |
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| Name the war that destroyed the Concert of Europe and left Austria without friends among the great powers in Europe. |
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| Name the meeting between the great powers of Europe who wanted to undo the changes brought by the French Revolution and Napoleon. |
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| Identify the organized work stoppages called by labor unions. |
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| What island was Napoleon exiled to after his final defeat at Waterloo? |
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Term
| Created a system of government based on the rule of law and a freely elected Parliament, laid the foundation for a limited constitutional monarchy |
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Definition
| What did the English Bill of Rights do? |
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Term
| (laissez-faire) governments should not interfere with economic matters. They should protect society from invasion, defend citizens from injustice, and keep up certain public works |
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Definition
| According to Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations, what roles should governments play in society? |
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Term
| land was returned original owner |
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Definition
| What was the usual outcome of European Wars in the 18th and 19th Centuries? |
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Term
| economic system directed by government agencies |
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Definition
| Identify planned economy. |
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Term
| 1. the same people that argued what woen must obey men said that arbituary power of monarchs was wrong 2. woman hav reason and should be entitled to the same rights as men. |
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Definition
| What were the three most important arguments Mary Wollstonecraft wrote about in the Vindication of the Rights of Women? |
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| men are born free and equal, freedom of speech and press, innocent until proven guilty, religious freedom, etc. |
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Definition
| What were the rights claimed by the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen? |
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Term
| thousand of Parisian women marched to Versailles and forced the king to accept their decrees |
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Definition
| How was Louis XVI forced to accept the National Assembly’s decrees? |
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| "saint" was removed from street names, churches were pillaged, priests were encouraged to marry |
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Definition
| Explain the National Convention’s policy of dechristianization. |
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Term
| sudden overthrow of the government |
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Definition
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| Olympe de Gouges, refused to accept exclusion of women's rights |
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Definition
| Who wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen? Why did she write this declaration? |
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| committee of 12 members to defend France from foreign and domestic threats |
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Definition
| Explain the purpose of the Committee on Public Safety. |
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Definition
| What plan did Napoleon use to weaken the British economy that ultimately weakened his own military? |
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| The Continental System and French nationalism against Napoleon |
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Definition
| What were the two major reasons that Napoleon’s Empire collapsed? |
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| He preserved most of the gains of the revolution by recognizing the principle of equality of citizens, religious toleration, and abolition of serfdom |
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Definition
| How did Napoleon’s law code reflect the political and social advances of the French Revolution? |
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| Women were less than men, harder to get a divorce, treated as minors, and could not own property |
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Definition
| Which revolutionary advancements women made did Napoleon reverse? |
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Definition
| Why did Poland disappear as an independent nation in the eighteenth century? |
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| Following Enlightened Principles (equality before the law, freedom of religious worship, speech, press, etc.) while maintaining royal powers. It failed because rulers became corrupt. |
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Definition
| Describe Enlightened Absolutism. Why did it fail? |
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Term
| Cromwell ruined Britain's parliament and set up a military dictatorship. |
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Definition
| Why did the British Restore Charles II to the throne after the English Revolution and Cromwell’s Republic? |
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Term
| Napoleon's recognition as Catholicism as the religion of the majority of the French people |
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Definition
| Explain Napoleon’s 1801 Concordat with the Catholic Church. |
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Term
| All German states could determine their own religion. |
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Definition
| What were the results of the Peace of Westphalia? |
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Term
| It was his personal household, chief offices of state were located there, powerful subjects came to find favors there |
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Definition
| Why did Louis XIV build his great palace at Versailles? |
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Term
| the english's defeat of the spanish armada |
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Definition
| What caused Spain’s decline at the end of the 17th Century? |
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| style that used dramatic effects to arouse the emotions |
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Definition
| Describe Baroque and Rocco style in art and architecture. |
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Definition
| Explain the purpose of the Great Reform Bill of 1832 in Great Britain. |
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Term
| France helped the Italians defeat Austria |
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Definition
| Where did Italian Liberals find assistance in their quest for Italian unification? |
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Term
| the strong and fit rise to the top while the stupid and lazy fall to the wayside |
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Definition
| What did Social Darwinists believe? |
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Term
| Modernized by adopting European technology to advance the army and navy |
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Definition
| What did Peter the Great do to westernize Russia? |
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Term
| Marx thought the government should control the economy and Smith thought the government should have no part in the economy |
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Definition
| Compare the beliefs of Karl Marx with those of Adam Smith. |
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Term
| The majority of France was Catholic and in order to keep the throne, he converted |
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Definition
| Why did Henry IV of France convert from Calvinism to Catholicism? |
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Term
| It was assembled to prepare a constitution for the new united Germany |
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Definition
| What was the purpose of the Frankfurt Assembly of 1848? |
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Definition
| How was Napoleon’s aristocracy different from that of the Ancien Regime before the French Revolution? |
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| they had just lost 2 wars and they didn't have weapons |
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Definition
| Why did Russia want to get out of WWI? |
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| The Bolsheviks seized power |
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Definition
| What led to the collapse of the Russian Provisional Government in November 1917? |
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Definition
| Name the treaty that allowed Russia to “gracefully” withdraw from World War I. |
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| Destroying the Concert of Europe and Russia's withdrawal from European affairs for 20 years |
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Definition
| What was the primary significance of the Crimean War? |
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Definition
| Why did the Legislative Assembly create the Paris Commune of 1871? |
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| Self-determination of people, Open diplomacy, Reduce armaments around the world, Establish League of Nations |
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Definition
| What were the 4 primary “points” in U.S. President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points? |
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| Britain passed a bill increasing the number of male voters, mainly the industrial middle class. Economic growth and nationalism also contributed. |
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Definition
| How did Britain avoid the revolutions that plagued Europe in 1848? |
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| Landowners fenced off common lands and peasants moved to the cities to work in the factories but there were too many people. |
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Definition
| Explain how the enclosure movement that left many jobless at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. |
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Term
| 2 new social classes emerged: the industrial middle class and the industrial working class |
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Definition
| How did social classes change with the Industrial Revolution? |
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Term
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Definition
| Who controlled the greatest amount of wealth in the early 1900s? |
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Term
| to educate voters and train workers |
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Definition
| What was the purpose of public education? |
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Term
| higher wages, better working conditions, and negotiation between workers and employer |
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Definition
| What was the purpose of trade unions? |
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Term
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Definition
| Why did Western European powers begin to search for colonies after 1880? |
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Term
| Assassination of Archduke, Declaration of war on Serbia by Austria, Declaration of war on Russia by Germany |
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Definition
| Describe the immediate events (summer of 1914) that led to the Great War. |
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Term
| Allied powers: France, Britain, Russia. Central powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary |
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Definition
| Identify the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. |
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Definition
| How did the war spread from the European continent to the rest of the world? |
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| Eastern front: mobility, large cost of lives. Western front: trench warfare |
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Definition
| In WWI, how was war on the Eastern different from war on the Western Fronts? |
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| They had just lost 2 previous wars, didn't have much money, no weapons |
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Definition
| In what ways was Russia unprepared for WWI? |
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Definition
| Who betrayed the Triple Alliance and why? |
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Term
| It determined the US's entry into the war |
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Definition
| Why is the story of the Lusitania an important element of WWI from the perspective of the Germans, British and the United States? |
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Term
| soldier returning home wanted a classless society |
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Definition
| Why did WWI lead to socialism in many places? |
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Term
| the war left europe in complete devastation and the arabs did not get their promised land |
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Definition
| Why is it appropriate to say that the outcome of WWI was one of the major causes of WWII? |
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Definition
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| ideas spread to influence public opinion for a cause |
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| czar of russia during first half of WWI, stepped down because he no longer had control of the army or aristocrats |
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Definition
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Term
| military leaders were used to moving around to fight, not staying stationary |
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Definition
| Why were military leaders baffled by trench warfare? |
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Term
| the invention of airplanes and zeppelins allowed Germany to bomb Britain |
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| Describe the "War in the Air". |
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Definition
| Describe how the war began to spread from the European continent. |
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| The sinking of the Lusitania and Germany's reinstated unrestricted submarine warfare |
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Definition
| Explain how the United States was drawn into World War I. |
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Term
| the mobilization of all troops and supplies for war |
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| Why did governments expand their powers in the Great War? How did they do this? |
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Term
| people were getting discouraged by the high casualty rates |
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Definition
| Why did governments need to manipulate public opinion with propaganda. |
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Term
| women had to take over the men's jobs while they fought at war, which was temporary. |
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Definition
| How did the war affect women? Which changes were permanent? Which were temporary? |
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Term
| policy of war that ensured regular supplies for the red army |
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| commissar of war under Lenin, used rigid discipline with the red army |
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Definition
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Term
| he believed the spread of communism would be so great that the loss of russian territory would become irrelevant |
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Definition
| Why was Lenin willing to accept the loss of so much Russian territory in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? |
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Term
| the red army had one common goal, the white army had conflicting goals, which was why they lost. |
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Definition
| What was the difference between the Red Army and the White Army? Why did the White Army loose to the Red? |
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Term
| the presence of the allied troops caused russian nationalism and a common hatred for the allied troops |
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Definition
| How did the presence of Allied troops in Russia ultimately help the Communists? |
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Term
| an agreement to end fighting |
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Definition
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Term
| US entry into the war provided a sense of hope because of the extra soldiers and supplies |
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Definition
| What was the effect of U.S. entry into WWI? |
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Term
| President of the US during WWI, wrote his 14 points and wanted a league of nations |
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| guided by self-determination, led to compromises between the great powers |
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| governments should leave the economy alone |
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| rulers governed by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers |
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| government owns and controls the means of production |
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| drew up military plans for germany to first attack france and then russia |
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Definition
| General Alfred von Schlieffen |
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| ruler to russia during the provisional government who decided to stay in WWI to preserve russia's honor |
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Definition
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| ruler of germany during WWI, fired Otto von Bismarck and ended peace treaty with russia |
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| assassinated archduke francis ferdinand |
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Definition
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| ruler of austria, assassinated by gavrilo princip |
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Definition
| Archduke Francis Ferdinand |
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Term
| getting troops and supplies ready for war |
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Definition
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Term
| military makes important and political decisions for a nation |
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Definition
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| war tactic based on constantly attacking the opposing force to wear them down |
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Definition
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| stationary fighting in trenches or ditches |
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| government-planned economic system |
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| treaty between russia and germany which promised the removal of russia from the war at the cost of eastern poland, finland, the balkan provinces, and ukraine |
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Definition
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| small faction of a marxist party called the Russian Social Democrats |
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| self proclaimed holy man who influence alexandra of russia during the war |
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| councils of representatives from the workers and soldiers |
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| payments to make up for the damage of war |
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| treaty signed by Germany stating the Germany and Austria were responsible for starting the war and must pay reparations |
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| Premier of france during WWI, wanted germany to pay reparations for the war |
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| prime minister of great britain, wanted to make germany pay for the war |
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