Term
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Definition
| An excess, deficit, or imbalance in essential components of a balanced diet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A state of poor nourishment resulting from inadequate diet or diseases interfering with normal appetite and assimilation of ingested foods. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion of more food than the body needs |
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Term
| What is the most common form of under-nutrition? |
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Definition
| Protein-Calorie malnutrition |
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Term
| When nutritional needs are not met because of poor eating habits, what is this called? |
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Definition
| Primary protein-calorie malnutrition |
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Term
| If malnutrition is caused by a problem with ingestion, digestion, absorption or metabolism, what is this called and what implications does it have? |
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Definition
| This is secondary Protein-calorie malnutrition, and tissue needs will not be met. |
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Term
| If the nutritional needs are not being met even though the nutritional intake would be adequate under normal conditions, what is this called? |
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Definition
| Secondary protein-calorie malnutrition |
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Term
| GI obstruction, surgical procedures, cancer, malabsorption syndromes, drugs, or infectious diseases can result in what? |
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Definition
| Secondary protein-calorie malnutrition |
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Term
| Ingestion of foods deficient in protein, vitamins and minerals can result in what? |
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Definition
| Protein-calorie malnutrition |
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Term
| What are some major risk factors for malnutrition? |
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Definition
| Chronic alcoholism, decreased mobility, loss of nutrients due to disease or treatment, drugs with antinutrient or catabolic properties, hyper-metabolism or extreme stress, ie fever, no oral intake. |
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Term
| What do promethazine, zofran, compazine and reglan have in common? |
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Definition
| They may mask symptoms that may delay diagnosis and treatment of the problem. |
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Term
| What does BRATY stand for and why is it used? |
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Definition
| Bread, rice, applesauce, toast and yogurt. This diet is used because these foods can be digested with minimal stress to the GI system. |
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Term
| How should high calorie products and supplements such as Ensure and Sustacal be used? |
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Definition
| They should be used for individuals with low nutritional intake as snacks, and not meal replacements. |
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Term
| In terms of length of tube feedings, how are NG tubes used? |
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Definition
| For short-term tube feedings. |
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Term
| In terms of length of feedings, how are gastrostomy tubes used? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would you use a jejunostomy tube? |
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Definition
| For long term tube feeding of a patient with chronic reflux to reduce the risk of aspitayion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Total parenteral nutrition. It involves the administration of nutrients by a route other than the GI tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the GI tract cannot be used for the ingestion, digestion and absorption of other nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| To meet the patients nutritional needs and allow growth of new body tissue. |
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Term
| How should TPN be administered? |
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Definition
| Must be administered through IV, through a filter and a pump, with the tubing and filter being changed every 24 hours. |
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Term
| How is TPN started and how often are accuchecks done? |
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Definition
| TPN is started gradually over 24-48 hours, and accu checks are usually done every 4-6 hours. |
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Term
| What are the advantages of PEG tube placement relative to NG feeding for a patient receiving long term enteral nutrition? |
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Definition
1) It increases patient comfort
2) It eliminates the risk of aspiration
3) Feedings can be initiated before bowel sounds are present.
4) More calories can be delivered compared with NG feedings. |
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Term
| What are the purposes of GI intubation? |
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Definition
1) Decompress the stomach
2) Lavage the stomach
3) Diagnose GI disorders
4) Administer medications and feeding
5) Treat an obstruction
5) Compress a bleeding site
6) Aspirate gastric contents for analysis |
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Term
| What type of feeding tube is a dobhoff or enteraflo tube? |
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Definition
| A nasoenteric feeding tube. |
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Term
| What are the 4 methods of enteral feeding? |
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Definition
1) intermittent bolus feedings
2) Intermittent gravity drip
3) Continuous infusion
4) Cyclic feeding |
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Term
| What must be assessed when caring for a patient receiving an enteral feeding? |
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Definition
-Nutritional status and assessment
-Hydration and fluid needs
-Digestive tract function
-Renal function and electrolyte status
-Medications that affect nutrition intake and function of the GI tract
-Compare the dietary prescription to the patient's needs. |
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Term
| What goals might be included in caring for a patient receiving an enteral feeding? |
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Definition
-Nutritional balance
-Normal bowel elimination pattern
-Reduced risk of aspiration
-Adequate hydration
-Individual coping
-Knowledge of and skill in self-care
-Prevention of complications |
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Term
| In addition to measuring residual prior to intermittent feedings, when must this be done during continuous feedings? |
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Definition
| Every 4-8 hours during continuous feedings. |
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Term
| When must H2O be administered for a patient recieving enteral feedings? |
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Definition
| Before and after each medication and each feeding, before and after checking residual, every 4 to 6 hours, and whenever the tube feeding is discontinued or interrupted. |
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Term
| Is it okay to mix medications with feedings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What size syringe must be used for enteral feedings? |
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Definition
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Term
| What amount of feeding should the nurse be careful not to exceed in an open system in order to prevent bacterial contamination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What amount of feeding should the nurse be careful not to exceed in an open system in order to prevent bacterial contamination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main thing that should be done to prevent dumping syndrome? |
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Definition
| Administer tube feedings slowly. |
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Term
| Sensations of fullness, nausea, and diarrhea, caused by dehydration, hypotension, and tachycardia are collectively called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of gastrostomy tubes discussed? |
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Definition
| Stamm, Janeway, PEG, and Low-Profile gastrostomy device |
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Term
| What are some diagnoses associated with the use of a gastrostomy? |
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Definition
-Imbalanced nutrition
-Risk for infection
-Risk for impaired skin integrity
-Ineffective coping
-Disturbed body image
-Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management |
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Term
| What are some collaborative problems and potential complications of a gastrostomy? |
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Definition
-Wound infection
-GI bleeding
-Premature removal of tube
-Aspiration
-Constipation
-Diarrhea |
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